Fair & Equitable • June 2013
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for and responding to potentially catastrophic fire events.
The Little Bear Fire
Another key event occurred on June 4, 2012 when a light-
ning strike set off a wildland fire in Lincoln County, New
Mexico, in the White Mountain Wilderness area. Because
of available fuel and dry conditions, the fire spread quickly.
By the time the fire was fully contained, approximately
44,000 acres were involved. Figure 3 shows the final fire
perimeter in light red shading.
By using the WFDSS and parcel data from New Mexico,
an estimated 371 structures within the fire perimeter were
located, and slightly more than 12,000 structures in the
fire response planning area were involved. Post-fire analy-
sis determined that more than 250 homes and structures
were destroyed, making the Little Bear Fire one of the
most destructive fires in New Mexico’s history. The Fed-
eral Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) provided
more than $1 million to reimburse the county for costs
incurred from cleanup and response (http://www.kob.
com/article/stories/s2960949.shtml and http://www.to-
mudall.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=1239).
The State Department of Homeland Security and Emer-
gency Management’s experience with the Little Bear Fire
in Lincoln County raised the awareness of the importance
of assessor parcel data, preferably in a standardized form.
The parcel data were recognized as an essential compo-
nent in working with federal entities such as FEMA to as-
sign value to property loss. The attribute richness of the
parcel data added more value to the structure locations
than the site address points alone.
2012 Data Collection and Standardization
While the site address points used in 2010 and 2011 did
provide an inventory of structure locations, information
on the structure or parcel use, the values and owner type
(public, private) were needed to further support wildland
fire response and cleanup. The effort that began in 2007
was renewed in 2012 with the collection and standardiza-
tion of the parcel mapping data.
A first step in this process was to finalize the state parcel
data standard for the aggregated parcel data. The table at
the end of this article lists the finalized New Mexico Parcel
Data Standard. This is a format for the counties to provide
parcel data to the New Mexico TRD/PTD or for TRD to
transform data provided by the counties. The goal of this
standard is the assembly and aggregation of the varying
county data into a common format that can be used for
analysis and display. This standard builds on the national
parcel publication standard, adding attributes specific to
New Mexico.
Mapping from the Property Identifier
A few New Mexico counties do not have GIS real property
parcel features, either as polygons or points, to represent
data contained within their property valuation or mass ap-
praisal systems. Many counties have computer-aided map-
ping, which does provide a computer-based map, but this
mapping cannot be readily linked to database attributes
from the computer-assisted mass appraisal (CAMA) sys-
tem. Often the computer-aided drafting (CAD) mapping
organizes the parcel maps into map sheet tiles, further
complicating the ability to combine the data into a single
database or a statewide data set. Figure 4 illustrates the
mapping technology used by the New Mexico counties.
At the very least, having GIS point features and their re-
spective data attributes represent parcels in the assessor’s
database can be highly beneficial to supporting data shar-
ing with entities concerned with public safety, asset and
property protection, and access to utility, transportation,
and communication (broadband) infrastructure.
With funding provided by the New Mexico Broadband
Program, three New Mexico counties, the TRD, and the
University of New Mexico’s Earth Data Analysis Center
(EDAC) have collaborated to develop a method that
geocodes the Uniform Property Code (UPC) assigned by
New Mexico county assessors to each property contained
within their respective appraisal/valuation systems. The
UPC is created through a reference to the Public Land
Survey System (PLSS) and is location based.
The three counties outlined in red in figure 4 were se-
lected as a pilot project to test whether the UPC, as pre-
Figure 3. Perimeter of Little Bear Fire