The following information is an abridged version of the style and formatting guidelines found in the
lengthy and detailed Chicago Manual of Style, 16
th
ed. (2010). Professors may prefer a format which
differs from the basic rules included here. Always consult your professor’s instructions first. This sheet
covers the Author-Date System; if you are using the Notes & Bibliography System, please refer to Chi-
cago Style: Notes & Bibliography.
• The Reference List should be placed at the end of the text before the index.
• Sources are listed alphabetically by last name.
• The publication date is a critical component and follows the author’s name as it does in in-text
citation.
• The title of the source is italicized and capitalized sentence style (i.e. only the first word of
the title is capitalized.)
• Each entry begins flush with the left margin and then indented half an inch.
• Entries are single-spaced with a double space between entries.
• For in-text quotations, place the citation at the end of the quote or paraphrase before any
punctuation mark.
• For block quotes, place the citation at the end of the quote after the final punctuation. No
punctuation follows the in-text citation.
A book with one author:
Author. Date. Title. City: Publisher.
Stanford, Judith A. 1993. Connections, A Multicultural Reader for Writers. Mountain View, CA:
Mayfield Publishing Co.
In-text citation: (Stanford 1993, 34)
A book with two or three authors:
Author and Author. Date. Title. City: Publisher.
Ramage, John D. and John C. Bean. 1997. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Writing. Needham
Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
In-text citation: (Ramage and Bean 1997, 94-7)
A book with four to ten authors:
Author (all names). Date. Title. City: Publisher.
Cole, Gerald F., John Smith, Jane Smith and Robert Smith. 1996. Criminal Justice in America. Bel-
mont, CA: Wadsworth.
In-text citation: (Cole et al. 1996, 34)
A book with editor or translator instead of author:
Editor/Translator, editor. Date. Title. City: Publisher.
Morgan, Edwin, trans. 1952. Beowulf. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
In-text citation: (Morgan 1952, 39)
An article or chapter in an edited book or anthology:
Author. Date. “Title of Work.” In Book Title, editor, page. City: Publisher.
Rogoff, Brian. 1985. “Memory Development in Cultural Context.” In Cognitive Learning and Mem-
ory in Children, ed. Michael Pressley, 34-7. New York: Springer-Verlag.
In-text citation: (Rogoff 1985, 34-7)
Article in a journal:
Author. Date. “Title of Work.” Journal Title volume: page.
Krolik, Robert. 1994. “Inventing Instant TV Traditions: George Stevens, Jr., Honoring Just about
Everybody in Sight.” Television Quarterly 27: 69-75.
In-text citation: (Krolik 1994, 69)
Article in a magazine:
Author. Year. “Title of Work.” Magazine Title, date.
Ezzell, Chris. 2000. “The Business of the Human Genome.” Scientific American. July 6.
In-text citation: (Ezzell 2000, 34)
Article in a newspaper:
Author. Year. “Title of Work.” Newspaper Title, date, section, edition.
Norris, Frank. 1994. “Are 20 Years of Market Joy about to End?” New York Times, November 27,
section F, late edition.
In-text citation: (Norris 1994, F4)
A source with no author:
In-text citation: (“The Amazing World” 1998, 21)
Note: Citation of on-line journals, magazines, and newspapers follow the same format as the print version,
but the URL should be added. Also, if the material is time-sensitive, an access date should be added as well.
Note: Chicago Manual of Style states that newspaper articles and certain web-based resources may be cited
in running text (e.g. “In an article on the decline of the market (New York Times, November 27, 1994), Frank
Norris noted…”) rather than an in-text citation and that they are often omitted from a bibliography or refer-
ence list. However, a professor may require full citation. The following represents the more formal means
of citation.)
Note: Chicago Manual of Style states that if you cite a source with no author, use the title of the work in place of
the author in your reference list. For in-text citations, use a shortened version of the title (no more than four
words) as it appears in your reference list.
Web page or document from Web Site:
Author of content (if known) or owner of site. “Title of Document.” Title of Site. Access
date. URL.
University of Chicago. 2011. “Chicago Manual of Style.” University of Chicago. Accessed June 1,
2001. http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org.
In-text citation: (University of Chicago)
Article obtained through online database:
Author. Year. “Title of Work.” Journal Title volume (date): page. DOI.
Novak, William. 2008. “The Myth of the ‘Weak’ American State.” American Historical Review 113
(May): 752-72. doi: 10.1086/ahr.113.3.752.
Note: Chicago Style indicates that if there is no
author, the owner of the site may be substituted
Last modified 5/28/13
Note: Chicago Style indicates that if no date is
available for the creation of the site, the date ac-
cessed should be used.
Note: Chicago Style indicates that if the DOI can
not be found, the URL can be used instead.
