Florida Class E Driver License Handbook 2023

Customer Service Center ..........................................................................(850) 617-2000

FLHSMV Oicial Website .................................................................................flhsmv.gov

Online Transactions (DHSMV Virtual Oice) ..........................MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov

Documentation Requirements ................................................flhsmv.gov/WhatToBring

To Order a Crash Report .................................... flhsmv.gov/traic-crash-reports/#buy

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2900 Apalachee Parkway

Tallahassee, Florida 32399

Our Mission

Provide highway safety and security through excellence in

service, education and enforcement.

Our Vision

A Safer Florida

Our Values

We believe in:

Service by exceeding expectations;

Integrity by upholding the highest ethical standards;

Courtesy by treating everyone with dignity and respect;

Professionalism by inspiring confidence and trust;

Innovation by fostering creativity; and

Excellence in all we do!

for distribution or publication without the express prior written permission of

the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 i

INTRODUCTION

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook is produced by the Florida Department of

Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV). This guide has the information needed

to prepare for the Florida Driver License Class E Knowledge Exam, the Driving Skills

Test, and to help you drive safely and lawfully.

Disclaimer

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook contains condensed and paraphrased

points of Florida laws and provides safety advice not specifically addressed in the

laws. The handbook is not a legal authority and is not intended for use in court. This

handbook will not reflect any changes made by the Florida Legislature aer the last

revision date (located at the bottom of this page).

Warning

Florida law prohibits using a false name, making a false statement, concealing a

material fact or otherwise using fraud in an application for a driver license or ID

card. The penalty can be up to five years in prison, a $5,000 fine, and suspension of

any existing driving privilege for at least one year.

In addition, it is illegal to permit or authorize an unlicensed person to drive a motor

vehicle and doing so can result in a 60-day jail sentence and a $500 fine. If the vehicle

is involved in a crash resulting in bodily injury or death of any person, the person

who permitted the unlicensed person to drive may (unless it is an automatic manda-

tory suspension) have their license suspended for one year.

Public Records

Florida law requires FLHSMV to collect certain personal information during the

licensing process. This information, which identifies licensed individuals, is used for

records management, driver improvement, financial responsibility, and law enforce-

ment purposes. If you do not provide the required information, you will not receive a

driver license or ID card.

Florida’s Public Records Law makes all records made or received by FLHSMV in the

course of its oicial business available for inspection, unless specifically exempted by

law. Personal information, including name, address, and driver license number is

exempt from public disclosure, but may be given to law enforcement agencies and

other entities permitted by law to access the information. Medical information, social

security number, and emergency contact information are available only as specifically

authorized by law.

FLHSMV strives to ensure the accuracy of the information obtained during the licens-

ing process. If you discover any incorrect information, please call (850) 617-2000 or

mail your request with your complete name, date of birth, driver license number,

information about the error, and any documentation to support your request to: Chief

of the Bureau of Records, 2900 Apalachee Parkway MS 89, Tallahassee, FL 32399. Some

information, such as reports of convictions received from a court, can only be

corrected if notification from the court is received that the report was in error.

PENDING STATUTE CHANGES FOR 

As of the approval of this handbook, the following legislation has passed the Florida

Legislature and is contingent upon becoming law, or further action taken by the Governor.

HB 0001 – Education

◆ Allows Individual Education Plans

(

IEPs) as an alternative to traditional

school attendance. Drivers under 18

can submit proof of their IEP to

prevent a truancy-related driver

license suspension.

SB 272 – Children and Young Adults in

Out-of-Home Care

◆ Eliminates the requirement for

young adults who are eligible for

enrollment in Postsecondary

Education Services and Support to

have also been in licensed out of

home care when they reached 18

years of age.

HB 425 – Transportation

◆ Expands the Move Over Law to

include moving over for:

◆ A disabled motor vehicle that is

stopped and displaying warning

lights or hazard lights.

◆ A vehicle that is stopped and

is using emergency flares or

posting emergency signage.

◆ A vehicle that is stopped and

one or more persons are visibly

present.

HB 657 – Enforcement of School Zone

Speed Limits

◆ Authorizes counties or municipali-

ties to install camera-equipped

radar detection devices in order to

enforce speed limits in school

zones at specified periods;

◆ School districts using the technol-

ogy must post signage warning

drivers where speed detection

systems are being used.

◆ The registered owner of a motor

vehicle found who is in violation is

subject to a $100 fine.

SB 766 – Enforcement of School Bus

Passing Infractions

◆ Allows school districts to install

and operate infraction detection

systems to capture violations of

drivers failing to stop for a school

bus displaying a stop signal. The

buses equipped with the infraction

detection system will have the

following:

◆ The words “STOP WHEN RED

LIGHTS FL

ASH” or “DO NOT PASS

WHEN RED LIGHTS FLASH.”

◆ The words “CAMERA ENFORCED.”

◆ A graphic symbol of a camera.

◆ The registered owner of a motor

v

ehicle f

ound who is in violation is

subject to a civil penalty of $200 for

either passing a school bus while

the school bus displays a stop signal

or for passing a school bus on the

side that children enter and exit

while the school bus displays a

stop signal.

◆ An additional fine of $25 will be

collect

ed and dedicated to the safe

school’s allocation provided to

school districts by the Florida

Department of Education.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 iii

HB 965 – Driver License, Identification

Card, and Motor Vehicle Registration

◆ Beginning October 1, 2023, the

requirement that persons seeking

to reinstate suspended or revoked

driving privileges must obtain

noncancelable coverage for at least

six months will be removed.

HB 1087 – Child Support

◆ Expands the reasons the obligor

may enter int

o a payment agree-

ment with a deferred start date

and avoid suspension of their

driver license and motor vehicle

registration, to include when the

obligor is participating in good

faith in job training.

HB 949 – Operation of a Golf Cart

◆ Beginning October 1, 2023, a

person o

perating a golf cart on

public roads or streets who is

under 18 years of age must possess

a valid learner’s driver license or

valid driver license, and a person

who is 18 years of age or older

must possess a valid form of

government-issued photographic

identification.

SB 1718 – Immigration

◆ Amends the human smuggling crime

in s. 787.07, Florida Statutes (FS),

to provide that a person commits

a third-degree felony when they

knowingly and willfully transport

into this state an individual who the

person knows, or reasonably should

know, has entered the United States

in violation of law and has not been

inspected by the Federal Government

since their unlawful entry.

◆ A person commits a separate

oense f

or each individual they

transport into this state in viola-

tion of this section.

◆ It also enhances the oense to a

second-degree felony if a person:

◆ Transports a minor into the

state in violation of this section;

◆ Commits five or more separate

oenses under this section

during a single episode; or

◆ Has a prior conviction for

human s

muggling and commits

a subsequent violation of

human smuggling.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .......................................I

Pending Statute Changes for 2023 ..........................ii

Letter from the Director ............................................ vi

. DRIVER LICENSES & ID CARDS ..................

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Definitions 3

Who Needs a Florida License to Drive? 3

Reciprocity 4

License Classifications 4

Requirements for Driver License and ID Cards 5

Step 1: Primary Identification 5

Step 2: Social Security Number or Secondary ID 6

Step 3: Proof of Residential Address 7

Requirements for Class E Learner’s &

Driver License ..............................................................

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8

Parental Consent for Minors 8

Physical & Mental Requirements 9

Restriction Codes 10

ID Card Requirements 11

ID Cards for Homeless Persons 11

ID Cards for Persons at or Below Poverty Level

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11

Required Designations 11

Career Oenders 11

Selective Service 11

Sexual Oenders & Sexual Predators 11

Optional Designations 12

Florida Organ & Tissue Donor 12

Veteran Designation 12

Voluntary Contributions .........................................

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12

Address and Name Changes 12

Driver License/ID Card Replacement 13

License Renewal 13

Drivers 80 Years Old and Older 14

Fees 14

. DRIVING SCHOOLS & TEST PROVIDERS ....

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

Driving Schools/Courses 17

Traic Law Substance Abuse Education Course 17

Basic Driver Improvement (BDI) Course 17

Advanced Driver Improvement (ADI) Courses 18

Licensed Driving Under the Influence (DUI)

Programs 18

Older Driver Courses 18

Driver License Testing 18

. YOUR DRIVING PRIVILEGE ......................

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Insurance Laws 23

No-Fault Law 23

Financial Responsibility Law 24

Restrictions for Minors (Driving Curfews) 25

Violations of the Driver License Law 25

Disabled Parking Permit Violations 25

Driving Under the Influence (DUI) 25

Littering ......................................................................

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27

Passing a Stopped School Bus 27

Road Damage 27

Safety Belts and Child Passenger Safety 27

Speeding 28

Traic Crashes 29

Point System 29

Mandatory Restriction for Minors 29

Common Violations & Associated Point Value .. 30

Losing the Privilege to Drive ..................................

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30

Suspensions 30

Revocations 31

Cancellations 31

Administrative Hearings 31

. BEFORE YOU DRIVE—YOU THE DRIVER 

Physical Health 33

Considerations for Older Drivers 33

Distracted Driving .................................................... 34

Drinking & Driving ....................................................

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35

Drowsy Driving 35

Drugged Driving 36

Emotions 36

Road Rage 36

. BEFORE YOU DRIVE—YOUR VEHICLE 

Vehicle Registration 37

Applying for Title, License Plates & Registration 37

Renewal ......................................................................

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37

Equipment Standards 38

Air Bags 39

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) 39

Brake Systems 40

Bumper Height Requirements 41

Emissions Control Devices 41

Trailers, Towing, & Load ...........................................41

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 v

. TRAFFIC CONTROLS ..............................

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Pavement Markings 43

Other Markings 46

Traic Signs 46

Traic Signals 51

Specialized Signs and Signals 54

Construction/Maintenance Signs & Signals 54

Drawbridge Signs & Signals 54

Pedestrian Signs & Signals 55

Railroad Crossing Signs & Signals .........................

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56

School Zone Signs & Signals 57

. DRIVING SAFETY 

Getting Ready to Drive 59

Inspect Your Vehicle 59

Before You Start Your Engine 59

Backing Up 59

Blind Spots 60

Braking Distance ......................................................

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60

Following Distances 61

Intersections 62

Driveways 62

Open Intersections 62

Roundabouts 63

Limited Access Highways 63

Move Over Law 65

Parking 65

Passing .......................................................................

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67

Right-of-Way 68

Speed Limits 68

Stopping 68

Traic Lanes 68

Turning 69

Three-Point Turns 70

. SPECIAL DRIVING SITUATIONS 

Animals 71

Low Visibility .............................................................

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71

Rain 72

Night Driving 72

. HANDLING EMERGENCIES 

Defensive Driving 75

Interacting with Law Enforcement 75

Your Responsibilities Aer a Crash .......................

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77

Stay at the Scene 77

First Aid 77

Treat For Shock 78

Emergency Scenarios 78

Avoiding Rear-End Collisions 78

Breakdowns/Disabled Vehicles 78

Emergency Braking ..................................................

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78

Fire 79

Jammed Gas Pedal 79

Overcorrection 79

Power Outage 79

Right Wheels O Pavement 79

Skidding/Hydroplaning 79

Stalled on Railroad Tracks 79

Submerged Vehicle 80

Tire Blowout ..............................................................

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80

Vehicle Approaching in Your Lane 80

Wet Brakes 80

. SHARING THE ROAD 

Bicyclists 81

Commercial Motor Vehicles 82

Emergency Vehicles 84

Funeral Processions 84

Golf Carts 84

Low-Speed Vehicles ................................................

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85

Motorcycles and Mopeds 85

Pedestrians 87

Rules for Motorists 88

Rules for Pedestrians 88

Pedestrian Safety Tips 88

Public Transit 88

School Buses.............................................................

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89

School Crossings 89

Slow Moving Vehicles 89

. STUDY GUIDE FOR KNOWLEDGE EXAM 

LETTER FROM THE DIRECTOR

Welcome Florida Motorist,

The Florida Department of Highway Safety and

Motor Vehicles (FLHSMV) provides the Oicial

Florida Driver License Handbook to educate and

encourage you to safely learn the rules of the road

and become a confident and responsible driver.

When you are behind the wheel, you should be

knowledgeable of traic laws and how to safely

operate your vehicle without distraction or impair-

ment. Florida's population includes residents and

tourists who travel on state roadways; you must

always exercise caution and pay attention to your

actions, those of other drivers, and the roadway

itself. Every day in Florida over 1,000 crashes occur, many of which are preventable.

You are responsible for taking driving seriously, understanding that your choices

before and while behind the wheel aect everyone on the roadway.

Impaired, drowsy, speeding, aggressive, and distracted driving are behaviors that

most significantly contribute to crashes resulting in fatalities or serious injuries.

Before you decide to drive, you should be free of alcohol, drug, or prescription

pill impairment, calm and focused. Responsible driving keeps everyone safe.

Once licensed, you have the freedom to explore all that Florida has to oer. Our

roadways will take you from the beaches in the South to the canopied roads of

North Florida. Please remember while enjoying the state to take your safety and

that of others seriously by obeying traic laws and committing to only operate

your vehicle free of distraction, impairment or reckless behavior.

Dave Kerner

Executive Director

Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles

IMPORTANT INFO FOR MINOR DRIVERS

LEARNER’S LICENSE

◆ Always drive accompanied by a licensed driver,

age 21+, who rides in the closest seat to the right

of the driver.

◆ Must only drive during daylight hours during the

first three months. Aer three months, may drive

until 10 pm.

◆ Must have at least 50 hours of driving experience

prior to getting driver license, and 10 hours

should be at night.

AGE 16 WITH DRIVER LICENSE

May drive from 6 am to 11 pm unless driving to or

from work OR accompanied by a licensed driver who

is 21+.

AGE 17 WITH DRIVER LICENSE

May drive from 5 am to 1 am unless driving to or from

work OR accompanied by a licensed driver who is 21+.

DRIVING RECORD POINTS

Drivers under the age of 18 who accumulate six or more points within a

12-month period are automatically restricted to driving for “Business

Purposes ONLY” for one year.

REMEMBER...

Always carry your driver license with you when driving, and always have proof

of vehicle registration and insurance with you in the vehicle you are driving.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 3

DRIVER LICENSES & ID CARDS

Definitions

Resident: A person who has his or her principal place of domicile in Florida for a

period of more than six consecutive months; has registered to vote; has made a

statement of domicile pursuant to section 222.17, Florida Statutes (FS); or has filed

for homestead exemption on property in this state.

Immigrant: A “Permanent Resident Alien” who is admitted to the United States (US)

as a lawful permanent resident. Immigrants are legally accorded the privilege of resid-

ing permanently in the US and are issued immigrant visas or adjusted to permanent

resident status by the United States Citizenship and Immigration Service (USCIS).

Non-Immigrant: An alien who seeks temporary entry to the US for a specific purpose

and who has declared the intention to stay only for a temporary period of time.

US Citizen: A person born in the US, its territories, Naturalized, or one who has

obtained a Certificate of Citizenship from the US Department of State.

Who Needs a Florida License to Drive?

If you are a Florida resident, you must get a Florida driver license to drive a motor

vehicle on public streets and highways.

A non-resident (except a migrant or seasonal farm worker) who accepts employment

or engages in a trade, profession or occupation in this state, or enrolls their child in a

Florida public school must get a Florida driver license within 30 days in order to

operate a motor vehicle.

Exceptions for the Florida Driver License

You do not have to get a Florida driver license to drive in Florida if you are a non-resi-

dent who is at least 16 years old and have:

◆ a valid non-commercial driver license from another state or territory of the US; or

◆ an International Driving Permit from your country of residence accompanied by

a valid driver license from that country.

The following individuals are also exempt if they hold a valid driver license from their

state/country:

◆ US government employee driving a non-commercial US government motor

vehicle on oicial business.

◆ Any non-resident working for a firm on a contract for the US government and

driving a non-commercial vehicle. (This exemption is only for 60 days.)

◆ Members of the Armed Forces stationed in Florida, their spouses and dependents.

◆ A licensed driver who lives in another state and travels regularly between home

and work in Florida.

��

◆ Any non-resident attending college

in Florida.

◆ Non-resident migrant farm

workers—even though they are

employed or place children in

public schools—providing they

have a valid driver license from

their home state.

◆ Those who drive only vehicles like

farm tractors or road machines

temporarily on the highway.

Reciprocity

The Class E Knowledge and Driving Skill

exams are reciprocated (waived) if you

present a valid driver license from any of

the following:

◆ US states, territories/possessions*

◆ US Military

◆ Canada**

◆ France

◆ Germany (driving skills test only)

◆ Republic of China (Taiwan)

◆ South Korea

Note: A vision exam is still required.

* Licenses from other states or US territories/

possessions must be surrendered when the

Florida driver license is issued.

**Canadians can reciprocate examination

requirements by surrendering their Canadian

driver license. If not surrendered, Class E exams

will be required.

License Classifications

Non-Commercial Driver

Licenses

Class E allows drivers to operate

non-commercial vehicles with Gross

Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) less than

26,001 pounds.

Motorcycles: To operate any two or

three wheel motorcycle, whose engine

size is more than 50 cc, you are required

to have a motorcycle endorsement on

your driver license or hold a ‘Motorcycle

Only’ license. For additional information

on motorcycle requirements please visit:

flhsmv.gov/motorcycle-rider-

education-endorsements

Commercial Driver Licenses

You must have a Commercial Driver’s

License (CDL) Class A, B, or C to operate:

◆ Any single vehicle with a GVWR of

26,001 or more pounds; or

◆ A combination vehicle with a gross

combination weight rating of

26,001 or more pounds, if the

trailer has a GVWR of 10,001 or

more pounds; or

◆ A vehicle designed to transport 16

or more passengers (including the

driver); or

◆ Any size vehicle which requires

hazardous material placards or is

carrying material listed as a

select-agent or toxin in 42 CFR part

73. Federal regulations through the

Department of Homeland Security

require a background check and

fingerprinting for the Hazardous

Materials endorsement.

See the Florida CDL Handbook for more

information.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 5

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Driver Licenses & iD carDs

Requirements for BOTH

Driver License and ID

Cards

All applicants for a Florida driver license

or ID card must present:

1. Primary identification;

2. Proof of social security number

or secondary identification;

3. Two documents that show your

Florida residential address.

All documents must be original or certi-

fied; photocopies or notarized copies

will not be accepted.

If your name has changed since the pri-

mary identification was issued, you will

need to present a name change docu-

ment such as a marriage certificate,

divorce decree or court order to link the

names between the primary identifica-

tion and the name that will be used on

the driver license or ID card.

(See Name

C

hanges on page 12.)

Please visit flhsmv.gov/WhatToBring to

obtain a list of requirements.

Step 1: Primary Identification

US Citizens must provide one of the

following original or certified

documents:

◆ Certified US birth certificate,

including territories and the

District of Columbia. The birth

certificate must be issued by a

government agency. Hospital birth

certificates will not be accepted.

◆ Valid US passport or Passport Card.

◆ Consular Report of Birth Abroad.

◆ Certificate of Naturalization.

◆ Certificate of Citizenship.

Immigrants must provide one of the

following original or certified documents:

◆ Valid Alien Registration receipt

card (Green card, Form I-151 or

I-551, or Permanent Resident Card).

◆ I-551 stamp in a valid passport

with a valid US Visa aixed or on

an approved I-94.

◆ Immigration Judge’s Order, with

the customer’s A-number, granting

asylum with a valid passport.

◆ I-797, with the customer’s A-

number, stating the customer has

been granted asylum with a valid

passport.

◆ I-797, I-94 indicating the customer

entered as a refugee or a form from

the Citizenship and Immigration

Services, with the customer’s A-

number, stating the customer’s

application for Refugee status is

approved with a valid passport.

Canadian Citizens must provide one

of the following original or certified

documents:

◆ Valid Canadian passport.

◆ Canadian birth certificate.

◆ Canadian Naturalization Certificate.

◆ Canadian Certificate of Citizenship.

Non-Immigrants must provide one of

the following original documents:

◆ Valid Employment Authorization

Card issued by the USCIS (Form

I-688B or I-766).

◆ Proof of non-immigrant classifica-

tion provided by USCIS or US

Customs and Border Protection

(Form I-94, not expired, with

required supporting attachments).

I-4s must be accompanied by a

valid Passport with a valid US Visa

aixed.

��

Certain classifications require additional

documentation. Some examples are:

◆ F-1 and M-1 classification must also

be accompanied by an I-20.

◆ J-1 or J-2 designation must be

accompanied by a DS-2019.

◆ Refugee, asylee and parolee

classifications must be accompa-

nied by additional documentation

such as a I-94 with picture aixed.

The following documents will only be

accepted with a supporting document,

including but not limited to a passport,

Florida driver license or ID card, driver

license from another state, employment

authorization card, employer identifica-

tion from home country, identification

from school or college, social security

card or other citizenship and immigra-

tion services document, including:

◆ I-571 Travel Document/Refugee

Travel Permit with a valid passport.

◆ I-512 Parole Letter Accepted with

a valid passport.

◆ IJO Asylum or Cancellation of

Removal Immigration Judges

Order granting Asylum or

Cancellation of Removal with a

valid passport.

Immigrants, Canadian citizens, and other

non-immigrants applying for a Florida

driver license may be issued a 60-day

temporary driving permit without a

photo. Non-US citizens applying for an

original ID card will be issued a receipt.

FLHSMV will verify the documents valid-

ity with the Florida Department of Law

Enforcement, Department of Homeland

Security, and the Federal Bureau of

Investigation. If your identity and legal

presence is verified, you will be issued

a driver license or ID card.

If proof of identity/legal presence does

not verify, the transaction will require

secondary verification. If the secondary

proof of identity/legal presence verifies,

the driver license or ID card will be

mailed to you; if the secondary verifica-

tion does not verify, the driver license or

ID card issuance will be denied.

Immigrants and non-immigrants can

contact USCIS for more information

about obtaining identification/legal

presence documents.

Step 2: Social Security

Number or Secondary

Identification

Social Security Number

Florida law requires the collection of

your social security number. FLHSMV will

electronically verify the information with

the Social Security Administration. All

applicants for a driver license or ID card

must present one of the following origi-

nal or certified documents:

◆ Social Security card.

◆ W-2 form.

◆ Paycheck containing your com-

plete social security number.

◆ 1099 form (pre-printed by issuer).

◆ Military ID.

The name on your social security docu-

ment must match the name that you

wish to have on your driver license ID

card. If you recently changed your name,

you must update your records with the

Social Security Administration first.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 7

......................................................................................

Driver Licenses & iD carDs

Secondary Identification

If you have never been issued a social

security number and you are a US citizen

or immigrant, you must provide one of

the secondary documents listed below.

All non-immigrants must provide one of

the following secondary documents:

◆ A driver license or ID card from the

District of Columbia, US Territories,

or one of the 50 states.

◆ US military or military dependent

ID card.

◆ School record stating date of birth

(must contain registrar’s signature).

◆ Transcript of the birth record filed

with a public oicer charged with

the duty of recording certificates.

◆ An insurance policy on the custom-

er’s life that has been in force for at

least two years and that has the

month, day, and year of birth.

◆ Florida driver license record or ID

card record.

◆ Selective Service Registration

(Dra Card).

◆ Receipt copy of your last Florida

driver license issuance.

◆ Immigration Form I-571.

◆ Federal Form DD-214 (military

record).

◆ Marriage certificate.

◆ Court order, which includes legal

name.

◆ A Florida voter registration card,

which was issued at least three

months previously.

◆ Florida Vehicle Registration

certificate obtained from the

service center where the custom-

er’s vehicle was registered. Florida,

or out-of-state registration

certificate, if name and date of

birth are shown.

◆ Parent consent form of minor,

signed by the parent or legal

guardian.

◆ Government issued out-of-country

passport, driver license, or ID card.

◆ Baptism certificate that shows date

of birth and the place of baptism.

◆ Family Bible record or birth

announcement in a baby book.

◆ Concealed weapons permit.

Step 3: Proof of

Residential Address*

All applicants for a driver license or ID

card must present two documents with

their Florida residential address:

◆ Deed, mortgage, monthly mort-

gage statement, mortgage

payment booklet, or residential

rental/lease agreement.*

◆ Florida Voter Registration Card.

◆ Florida Vehicle Registration or Title.

◆ Florida Vessel Registration or Title

(if living on a boat/houseboat).

◆ Statements (Contact your local

driver license service center for

information about using

statements).

◆ A utility hook-up.

◆ Automobile Payment Booklet.

◆ Selective Service Card.

◆ Medical or health card with address

listed.

◆ Current homeowner insurance

policy or bill.

◆ Current automobile insurance

policy or bill.

��

◆ Educational institution transcript

forms for the current school year.

◆ Unexpired professional license

issued by a government agency in

the US.

◆ W-2 form or 1099 form.

◆ Form DS2019, Certificate of

Eligibility for Exchange Visitor (J-1)

status.

◆ A letter from a homeless shelter,

transitional service provider, or

halfway house verifying that the

customer resides at the shelter

address.

◆ Utility bills, mail from financial

institutions; including checking,

savings, or investment account

statements.

◆ Mail from federal, state, county or

city government agencies (includ-

ing city and county agencies).

◆ Transients—Sexual Oender/

Predator/Career Oender: FDLE

Registration Form completed by

local sheri’s department.

* Individuals living with another person must

present two documents and a letter from that

person.

Requirements for Class E

Learner’s & Driver License

Learner’s License

1. Be at least 15 years old.

2. Completion of Traic Law and

Substance Abuse Education

Course (TLSAE)*.

3. Pass Vision and Class E

Knowledge exams.

Driver License

1. Be at least 16 years old.

2. Completion of TLSAE Course*.

3. Provide required identification.

4. Pass Vision, Class E Knowledge,

and Driving Skill exams.

If under age 18:

◆ Must hold a learner’s license for 12

months or until the 18th birthday,

whichever comes first.

◆ Must have NO moving traic

violation convictions for 12 months

from learner’s license date of issue.

May have ONE moving traic

violation (within 12 months of

learner’s license issue) if adjudica-

tion is withheld.

◆ A parent, legal guardian, or responsi-

ble adult 21 years old or older, must

certify that the driver has had at

least 50 hours of driving experience,

of which 10 hours were at night.

◆ Must have parent or guardian sign

parental consent form.

◆ Must be in compliance with school

attendance.

* You must complete a TLSAE course if you have

never held— or do not have in your possession— a

driver license in any state, country, or jurisdiction

and are applying for a learner’s or driver license.

Applicants who successfully pass a driver's

education course at a certified DELAP school are

exempt from the TLSAE requirement

Parental Consent for Minors

If you are under age 18 and are not mar-

ried, a parent or legal guardian must sign

your license application in front of the

driver license agent or a notary public.*

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 9

......................................................................................

Driver Licenses & iD carDs

The individual who signs the application agrees to take responsibility for your driving.

If the signer rescinds responsibility, your license will be canceled.

To cancel the license, the signer must write a letter to FLHSMV requesting to with-

draw their consent for the minor driver, and include the minor driver’s complete

name, date of birth, and license number. Send the request to:

Bureau Chief of Motorist Compliance

Division of Motorist Services

2900 Apalachee Parkway–MS 87

Tallahassee, FL 32399-0575

The signer may also go to MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov to cancel the license.

* Married minors must show certified marriage certificate. Emancipated minors must show certified court

order.

Physical & Mental Requirements

You must list any physical or mental issues that might aect your driving on your

driver license application.

If you have epilepsy, fainting spells, dizziness, blackouts, or any other medical condi-

tion that could impair your driving, you may be asked to have your doctor complete a

medical report form. This form can be requested through your local driver license

service center. The report must be completed by your doctor and submitted to

FLHSMV before a driver license is issued.

If you are diabetic and use insulin, you may request that “Insulin Dependent” is

indicated on your driver license.

��

Restriction Codes

If you have a restriction on your license and do not comply with the requirements,

you could receive a citation and have your license suspended.

Code Restriction

B

Corrective Lenses. This person must wear corrective lenses (glasses or

contacts) at all times when driving a vehicle.

C

Hand Controls or Pedal Extension. This person can only drive a vehicle that

has hand controls or a pedal extension.

F

Outside Rear-view Mirror. The vehicle the person is driving must have an

out-side rear-view mirror (le side) on the car.

G Daylight Driving Only. (Dawn to dusk)

H

Employment Purposes Only. Driving privilege is limited to driving to and

from work and on-the-job driving required by an employer or occupation.

I Other Restrictions.

1

Business Purposes Only. Driving privilege is limited to any driving necessary

to maintain livelihood, e.g., to and from work, on-the-job, educational

purposes, church, and for medical purposes.

2

Probation-Interlock Device. This person can only drive a vehicle that has a

device that locks the ignition.

3 Medical Alert Bracelet.

4

Automatic Transmission. This person can only drive a vehicle that has an

automatic transmission.

5 Power Steering. This person can only drive a vehicle that has power steering.

6

Directional Signals. This person can only drive a vehicle that has mechanical

signals.

7

Grip on Steering Wheel. This person can only drive a vehicle that has a knob

or grip on the steering wheel.

8

Le Foot Accelerator. This person can only drive a vehicle that has a le foot

accelerator.

9 Hearing Aid. This person must wear a hearing aid at all times while driving.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 11

......................................................................................

Driver Licenses & iD carDs

ID Card Requirements

If you need an ID card, you can apply at

any driver license service center. To

obtain an ID card, you must:

1. Be 5 years of age or older*.

2. Present required identification,

proof of Social Security number,

and proof of residential address.

ID cards issued to persons 5–14 years of

age will be valid for four years; all others

will be valid for eight years.

Persons holding a driver license who

wish to obtain a Florida ID card must

surrender their driver license. You are

prohibited from holding both a driver

license and an ID card at the same time.

* Any person, regardless of age, can be issued an ID

card if applying for a disabled parking permit.

ID Cards for Homeless Persons

If you are homeless, you can get an ID

card at no cost. You must provide a

current letter from a local homeless

shelter verifying that you are homeless

and meet the identification documenta-

tion requirements.

ID Cards for Persons at or

Below Poverty Level

You can get an ID card at no cost, as long

as you meet the identification documen-

tation requirements and provide one of

the following documents:

◆ Tax return from last year with

gross income that meets 100%

federal poverty level.

◆ Proof of enrollment in ACCESS,

the Department of Children and

Families’ Florida benefits program.

Required Designations

Career Offenders

Career oenders are persons who are

designated as habitual violent felony

oenders, violent career criminals, or

three-time violent felony oenders.

Within two working days aer complet-

ing the required registration as a career

oender in Florida, individuals who are

not incarcerated, including those under

the supervision of the Florida Department

of Corrections, shall register in person at

the driver license service center.

Career oenders must report in person

to the driver license service center every

time their driver license or ID card is

subject to renewal and within two work-

ing days aer any change in name or

address.

Selective Service

State law requires any male who is a US

citizen or immigrant, who is at least 18

years old but less than 26 years old, to

comply with Federal Selective Service

System requirements when applying to

receive a driver license, a learner’s

license, a commercial driver’s license, an

ID card, or a renewal or replacement

card or license. (www.sss.gov)

Sexual Offenders & Sexual

Predators

Within 48 hours aer completing the

required initial registration as a sexual

predator or sexual oender in Florida,

individuals who are not incarcerated,

including those under the supervision of

the Florida Department of Corrections,

shall register in person at a driver license

service center or tax collector’s oice.

��

The sexual predator or sexual oender

must identify him or herself as such and

provide their place of permanent or

temporary residence. Post Oice box

numbers may not be used in place of a

physical residential address.

Sexual oenders will have “943.0435 F.S.”

printed on the front of their driver license

or ID card. Sexual predators will have

“SEXUAL PREDATOR” printed on the front

of their driver license or ID card.

Sexual predators and oenders must

report in person to a driver license ser-

vice center every time their license or ID

card is subject to renewal and within 48

hours aer any change in name or

address.

Optional Designations

Florida Organ & Tissue Donor

Donate Life Florida is the non-profit

organization that oversees the state’s

organ, eye, and tissue donor registry.

The Joshua Abbott Organ & Tissue

Donor Registry allows Floridians to join

the state’s organ and tissue donor regis-

try when obtaining/renewing their

license at a local driver license service

center. By registering as a donor, you

could save up to eight lives.

DonateLifeFlorida.org

1-877-FL-SHARE

Veteran Designation

Any honorably discharged US veteran

may have the designation “Veteran”

placed on their driver license or ID card

at no charge. The veteran will need to

provide a copy of their DD214 or other

approved discharge document at the

time of issuance.

Voluntary Contributions

When you are applying for a driver

license or ID card, you may voluntarily

contribute to legislatively approved

programs and special trust funds. A

complete list of voluntary contributions

is available at flhsmv.gov/

voluntary-contributions.

Address and Name Changes

Change of Address

You must obtain a new driver license

within 30 calendar days of any change to

your mailing or residential address. You

may change the address on your driver

license or ID card by:

◆ Visiting MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov.

◆ Visiting your local driver license

service center or tax collector’s

oice.

Aer receiving the new driver license,

destroy your old license as required by

Florida law.

If you fail to report a change of address

you may not receive your motor vehicle

registration renewal, your driver license

renewal, or notices of potential sanctions.

If you are pulled over by law enforcement

and the address on your driver license is

incorrect, you may receive a citation.

Name Changes

If your name has changed and you would

like your name to appear on your driver

license or ID card dierently than what is

on your primary identification, you will

need to:

◆ Present an original or certified

government issued marriage

certificate, divorce decree, or court

order as a name change document.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 13

......................................................................................

Driver Licenses & iD carDs

◆ Have your name changed on your

social security card

◆ Immigrants and Non-Immigrants

must have your name changed on

your USCIS documents before you

can change your name on your

Florida driver license or ID card.

◆ Canadian Citizens must change

your name on your Canadian

passport before applying for a

name change on your driver license

or ID card.

Driver License/ID Card

Replacement

If your driver license or ID card is lost or

stolen, apply for a replacement immedi-

ately. A replacement can be obtained at

a driver license service center or online

at MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov.

If the card was stolen and you provide a

copy of the police report (in person), the

replacement fee is waived as long as you

are not making any changes to the card.

Replacement Requirements

◆ Primary identification, proof of

social security number, and two

proofs of residential address are

required if you have not been

issued a Florida driver license or ID

card in a field oice since January

1, 2010.

◆ If you changed your address, you

will need to provide two approved

proof of address documents.

◆ If your name has changed, you will

need to provide approved docu-

ments establishing your new name.

License Renewal

Class E driver licenses are valid for six

to eight years. Expiration dates may vary

for driver license renewals issued to

non-immigrants.

Your license may not be renewed if:

◆ You are not eligible to receive a

driver license.

◆ You did not answer a summons

which involved a traic violation.

◆ Your driver license is suspended,

revoked, or canceled.

◆ You do not present the required

documentation.

Renewal Requirements

1. Present your old driver license.

2. Pass a vision exam.

3. If you have changed your address,

you will need to provide two

approved proof of address

documents with your new

address.

4. If your name has changed, you will

need to provide the approved

documents establishing your new

name.

Primary identification, proof of social

security number and two proofs of

residential address (see page 5) are

r

equired if you have not been issued a

Florida driver license or ID card in a field

oice since January 1, 2010.

Any non-immigrant holding a driver

license or ID card who needs a renewal

or replacement driver license or ID card

must apply in person.

��

Renewing Online

If you are a US citizen or immigrant, you can renew your driver license online at

MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov.

You are not eligible for online renewal if:

◆ Your previous renewal was by phone, mail, or online.

◆ You are not a US citizen or permanent resident.

◆ Your driving privilege is suspended, revoked, or canceled and you want an ID

card.

Aer your request is processed, you will receive a six or eight year license. Florida

law requires that you destroy your old driver license aer receiving the new driver

license. Application for renewal received aer the license expiration date (midnight

of your birthday) requires a $15 late fee.

Drivers 80 Years Old and Older

All drivers who are 80 years of age or older and who are renewing their driver license

are required to pass a vision exam. The exam may be administered at a driver license

service center at no additional charge or by your Florida licensed health care practi-

tioner, such as your medical doctor or optometrist. A vision examination report

(Form HSMV 72119) must be completed and submitted to FLHSMV if your vision test

is administered by your doctor. Once it is filed, you will then be able to renew online

or by mail.

Should you elect to have your vision exam at a local driver license service center,

please schedule an appointment so that we can serve you more eiciently. Upon

passing the vision exam, you can complete the renewal process. However, if a prob-

lem is detected, you will be referred to your eye doctor for follow-up, prior to being

able to renew.

Fees

Fees for Driver License/ID Card

Initial license fee for first Florida license .................................................................. $48

Learner’s license (original)

........................................................................................ $48

Class E driver license renewal

................................................................................... $48

Learner’s license renewal .......................................................................................... $48

Replacement license ................................................................................................. $25

ID card (original) ........................................................................................................ $25

ID card (replacement or renewal)

............................................................................. $25

Delinquent fee for renewals aer expiration date

................................................... $15

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 15

......................................................................................

Driver Licenses & iD carDs

Reinstatement Fees

Administrative fee for insurance fraud ................................................................... $180

Administrative fee alcohol & drug-related oenses ............................................... $130

Aer a license has been revoked ............................................................................... $75

Aer a license has been suspended

.......................................................................... $45

Suspension for failure to pay or appear for a traic citation ................................... $60

Suspension for failure to pay child support (Court Ordered)

.................................. $60

Suspension for failure to pay child support (DOR) ................................................... $45

Suspension for failure to pay court financial obligations ........................................ $60

Worthless checks

....................................................................................................... $55

Insurance Reinstatement Fees

Failure to maintain liability insurance ...................................................................... $15

Failure to maintain PIP insurance:

(1st suspension) ....................................................................................................... $150

(2nd suspension)* .................................................................................................... $250

(3rd suspension)*

..................................................................................................... $500

(1st suspension — resulting from a DUI conviction)

............................................... $150

(2nd suspension — resulting from a DUI conviction)

............................................. $250

(3rd suspension — resulting from a DUI conviction)

.............................................. $500

*Within three years of first suspension.

Other Fees

Written re-tests (Class E Knowledge Exam) .............................................................. $10

Driving skills re-tests ................................................................................................. $20

Motorcycle endorsement ............................................................................................ $7

Tax collector service fee (for services provided at a tax collector oice)

.............$6.25

Exempt Fees for 100% Disabled US Veterans

Any veteran honorably discharged from the Armed Forces who was issued a valid ID

card by the Department of Veterans Aairs, or a letter of disability determination

from the Veterans Administration and has been determined by the Veterans

Administration to have a 100% service-connected disability, is exempt from paying

certain driver license fees such as initial license fees and renewal fees. All ID card

fees are exempt.

��

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 17

DRIVING SCHOOLS & TEST PROVIDERS

Driving Schools/Courses

A list of APPROVED course providers can be found on: flhsmv.gov.

Traffic Law Substance Abuse Education (TLSAE) Course

If you have never held—or do not have in your possession—a driver license in any

state, country, or jurisdiction, you must complete a TLSAE course before applying for

a driver license in the state of Florida. Driver education courses oered by some

county school boards may substitute for this requirement. Please contact your local

school board for further information.

If you are under 21 years old and receive a notice of suspension for driving with a

Blood Alcohol Level (BAL) of .02 to .05, you must complete a TLSAE course in order to

reinstate your driver license on a hardship basis.

Basic Driver Improvement (BDI) Course

You must complete a basic driver improvement course (Traic Collision Avoidance

course) if you want to retain your driver license in the following circumstances:

◆ You were a driver in a crash and are found at fault and someone was transport-

ed to the hospital.

◆ You had two crashes in a two-year period, which resulted in property damage

greater than $500.

◆ You were convicted of:

◆ running a red light.

◆ passing a school bus when it displayed a stopped signal.

◆ racing on the highway.

◆ reckless driving.

If you receive a ticket for a non-criminal moving violation, the violation was not in a

CMV and you do not hold a CDL, you may elect to attend a basic driver improvement

course in lieu of points on your driving record. (You may not elect to attend if you

were charged with exceeding the speed limit by more than 30 MPH.) An individual

who elects to attend a basic driver improvement course for a non-criminal traic

citation will receive an 18 percent reduction toward the civil penalty.

In some cases, you may choose to attend a course to receive insurance discounts.

This discount is solely at the discretion of your insurance company.

��

If, as a result of a moving violation, you

elect to attend and complete a basic

driver improvement course, you will

receive the following benefits:

1. Insurance companies cannot

impose an additional premium or

refuse to renew a policy for motor

vehicle insurance solely because

the insured committed a

non-criminal traic infraction,

with the following exceptions: a

second infraction within 18

months; a third infraction within

36 months; or exceeding the

speed limit by more than 15 MPH.

2. Points may not be added to your

driver license record if adjudica-

tion of guilt is withheld. You may

not make an election under this

subsection if you have made this

election in the preceding 12

months. A person may make no

more than five elections in a

lifetime. To determine if you are

eligible to make an election to

attend traic school, check our

website at flhsmv.gov.

Within 30 days from the date you

received the traic citation and prior to

attending class, you must:

1. Inform the Clerk of Court in the

county where you received the

citation that you want to go to

traic school, and

2. Pay an election fee to the Clerk of

Court in the county where you

received the citation.

A full list of your options for satisfying

your traic citation is on the back of the

citation. You are required to choose one

of the three options within 30 days of

receiving the citation.

Advanced Driver Improvement

(ADI) Courses

If your Florida driver license was sus-

pended for points, as a habitual traic

oender (non-DUI), or by court order,

you must complete an advanced driver

improvement course in order to reinstate

your driving privileges. If you hold a

Florida driver license and receive a

citation for a moving violation in another

state, that state may withhold adjudica-

tion if you complete a FLHSMV-approved

advanced driver improvement course.

Licensed DUI Programs

You may be required to complete a

licensed DUI program if your license is

administratively suspended for: unlaw-

ful blood or breath alcohol level; refusal

to submit to a breath, blood, or urine

test; or conviction of driving under the

influence or possession of a controlled

substance.

Older Driver Courses

Driving courses specifically for older

adults (65+) can update drivers on traic

laws and suggest useful ways to adapt

driving habits to accommodate aging.

Some courses even qualify older drivers

for a reduction in auto insurance costs.

Driver License Testing

The purpose of the driver license exam-

ination is to determine that you:

1. Can understand road signs, traic

signals, and markings.

2. Know Florida driving laws.

3. Meet minimum vision standards.

4. Have the knowledge, skills, and

experience to drive safely.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 19

........................................................................

Driving schooLs & TesT ProviDers

5. Do not have any physical or

mental conditions that would

aect your ability to drive safely.

Testing Options

Exams can be administered at:

◆ State driver license service centers,

◆ Driver Education Licensing

Assistance Programs (DELAP), and

◆ Authorized third party providers.

DRIVER LICENSE SERVICE CENTERS

A list of driver license service centers can

be found at flhsmv.gov/locations.

DRIVER EDUCATION (DELAP)

Many driver education teachers assist

the FLHSMV in licensing new drivers.

Students who complete their driver

license exams through approved DELAP

courses in public or private schools will

have the results entered into FLHSMV’s

test records by their driver education

teacher.

The exam results will be used for issu-

ance of a learner’s driver license or

driver license. However, the driver

license service center may test any

student again on a random basis before

issuing a driver license.

THIRD PARTY TESTING

The Class E Knowledge Exam is also

available through third party providers

approved by FLHSMV. Students of all

ages may take the exams with a provider

that oers them in an in-person setting.

Students under 18 may take the knowl-

edge exam online.

A list of approved third party providers

can be found at flhsmv.gov.

License Examinations

Persons applying for an original Florida

driver license are required to take the

following exams:

◆ Vision & Hearing Screening

◆ Class E Knowledge Exam

◆ Driving Skills Test

For a list of exceptions, where exams are

waived, see page 4.

VISION SCREENING

You must wear corrective lenses when

you drive if you need to wear contact

lenses or glasses to pass the vision test.

(The use of telescopic lenses to meet

visual standards is not recognized in

Florida.) Your driving privilege will be

revoked if you are unable to meet the

minimum vision standards.

◆ 20/40 or better vision in each eye

with or without corrective lenses

meets state requirements without

referral to an eye specialist.

◆ 20/50 or worse vision in either eye

with or without corrective lenses

are referred to an eye specialist for

possible improvement.

◆ 20/70 vision in either eye, or both

eyes together may pass aer

referral to an eye specialist,

providing the vision in the worst

eye is better than 20/200.

◆ If one eye is blind or 20/200 or

worse, the other eye must be 20/40

or better with or without corrective

lenses.

◆ The minimum acceptable field of

vision for an applicant or licensed

driver is 130 degrees.

��

CLASS E KNOWLEDGE EXAM

The Class E Knowledge Exam consists of

50 multiple-choice questions about:

1. Florida traic laws,

2. Safe driving practices, and

3. Identifying traic controls.

DRIVING SKILLS TEST

You must provide a vehicle (with a valid

license plate and insurance) for the

driving skills test. Your vehicle will be

inspected to determine that it is safe for

a driving test. The driving skills test will

not be given if the examiner finds:

◆ Horn, rear-view mirror, directional

signals, steering wheel, brakes,

tires, brake lights, or tail lights are

defective or inoperable.

◆ No windshield wipers on the

driver’s side.

◆ No operable headlights when

visibility is reduced.

◆ Cracked or broken glass that

hinders visibility.

◆ Expired tag.

◆ The vehicle doesn’t have doors.

◆ Front doors don’t open from the

inside and outside.

◆ Vehicle doesn't have stationary

seats.

◆ Vehicle does not permit the driver

to give hand signals when required.

◆ Jeep-type vehicles without framed

canvas or metal doors held by

hinges and door latch.

◆ Doesn’t meet bumper height

requirements.

◆ A low-speed vehicle.

No other passengers are permitted

during the exam (unless a language

interpreter is necessary). You will per-

form the following maneuvers on the

driving exam:

◆ Approach of Crossing. Get in

the proper lane and look in each

direction.

◆ Backing Up. Back up a distance of

50 feet at a slow speed while

looking to the rear. Do not use the

rear-view mirror or rear-view

camera monitor.

◆ Follow at a Safe Distance. Do not

follow too closely behind other

cars. Keep a minimum following

distance of three to four seconds.

◆ Obey Stop Signs. Approach in the

proper lane, come to a complete

stop before reaching the stop line

or crosswalk, and remain stopped

until you can move safely.

◆ Obey Traic Signals. Get into the

proper lane and approach the light

at a speed that will allow you to

stop if the light should change.

When the light turns green, do not

move forward until other traic has

cleared the intersection.

◆ Observe Right-of-Way. Allow

pedestrians to cross, pull over and

stop for emergency vehicles, and

don’t enter an intersection where

you will interfere with other traic.

◆ Parking on a Grade. Correctly

parking uphill and downhill, with

and without a curb.

◆ Passing. Look ahead and behind

to make sure you can pass safely.

◆ Signal and Turn. Get into the

proper lane and signal your turn for

the last 100 feet. Use hand signals

or mechanical signals.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 21

........................................................................

Driving schooLs & TesT ProviDers

◆ Stay in Proper Lane. Drive in the right lane except on a one-way street. Do not

change lanes until you may do so safely.

◆ Stop Quickly. Make a quick, safe stop when the examiner/agent instructs you.

◆ Straight-In Parking. The vehicle should be centered inside the space with no

part of the vehicle extending out in the traic lane.

◆ Three Point Turn. Turn car around in a 20–40 foot space.

◆ Use Proper Posture. Keep both hands on the steering wheel and do not rest

your elbow in the window.

The examiner will explain any mistakes you may have made aer the test is com-

pleted. If you fail the driving skills test, you will be asked to study or practice before

returning for retesting. If you pass the driving skills test, the examiner will collect the

fee and issue your driver license.

��

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 23

YOUR DRIVING PRIVILEGE

Driving in Florida is a privilege you earn. In addition to the rules of the road, you

must also abide by the following laws in order to maintain your driving privilege.

Insurance Laws

Florida law requires drivers and vehicle owners to maintain insurance to cover costs in

case of a crash. These laws include the No-Fault Law and Financial Responsibility Law.

No-Fault Law

Before you register your car in Florida, you must show proof of Personal Injury

Protection (PIP) and Property Damage Liability (PDL) coverage. PIP covers your

injuries if you’re in a crash, no matter who caused it. PDL coverage pays for damage

to other people’s property that you caused.

Every owner or person in charge of operating a motor vehicle on Florida roadways must:

◆ provide proof of valid PIP and PDL insurance at the time of vehicle registration;

◆ have a minimum of $10,000 in PIP AND a minimum of $10,000 in PDL coverage;

◆ purchase the policy from an insurance agency licensed to do business in

Florida;

◆ maintain the insurance continuously throughout the registration period; and

◆ always have proof of valid Florida insurance readily available when the vehicle

is being driven on Florida roadways.

You must comply if you own a motor vehicle that has been in the state for 90 days

(consecutive or non-consecutive) during the last 365 days. You must maintain proper

insurance or your driver license/license plate registration can be suspended.

Your insurance company is required by law to notify FLHSMV when you renew your

policy, if you fail to renew it when due, if the vehicle is removed from the policy that

has a valid registration, or if the policy is canceled either by you or the insurance com-

pany. If you don’t renew your coverage, it is canceled or if a vehicle is removed from a

policy, FLHSMV will send you a notice that you must provide proof of new coverage. If

you fail to provide proof of new insurance, your driver license and license plate can be

suspended for up to three years.

If you don’t maintain insurance coverage throughout the vehicle registration period,

you must turn in the vehicle license plate to any driver license service center. Turn in

your plate before canceling your insurance to prevent the suspension of your license

and to avoid reinstatement fees.

Always carry proof of insurance when you or someone else is driving your vehicle. Your

insurance company will provide you with a Florida Insurance ID Card. You must have

the card (or electronic proof on a smart phone) with you when you’re driving. You may

receive a citation if you are stopped by a law enforcement oicer and don’t have proof

of insurance with you. You’ll have to go to court to prove that you had insurance

��

coverage at the time you were stopped,

or your driver license may be suspended.

If you don’t have proof and the judge

convicts you, your driver license and

license plate will be suspended. In order

to li the suspension, you will have to

get insurance and pay a reinstatement

fee ($150 to $500).

If your driver license and license plate

have been under suspension for 30 days

or more, a law enforcement oicer can

seize your license plate immediately. The

oicer may also take you to jail for driv-

ing with a suspended license, which is a

first-degree misdemeanor punishable by

up to a year in jail and a $1,000 fine.

If your driver license or license plate is

suspended for not having insurance, you

won’t be able to get a temporary license

for any reason, not even to go to work. If

you show a law enforcement oicer an

insurance card when you know the

insurance has been canceled—or if you

falsify the card—you may be arrested

and charged with a second-degree

misdemeanor.

FLHSMV will provide you with an opportu-

nity to prove insurance coverage or have

an administrative hearing. When you

receive the notice of suspension of your

license you may request a hearing; other-

wise, one will not be scheduled for you.

Financial Responsibility Law

In addition to the required PIP and PDL

coverage, if you’re in a crash, you will

have to prove that you are financially

responsible for all damages you caused.

You can prove such financial responsibil-

ity by having insurance in eect from a

company licensed to do business in

Florida, or obtaining a Financial

Responsibility Certificate from FLHSMV.

Get more information about Financial

Responsibility Certificates at flhsmv.gov.

Depending on your driving record, you

may have to obtain additional insurance

beyond the basic PIP and PDL require-

ments. For example, Florida law requires

you to have Bodily Injury Liability (BIL)

insurance—and increased PDL cover-

age—when you are convicted of Driving

Under the Influence (DUI). The coverage

required in such a case must be at least

$100,000 BIL for injuries to one person,

$300,000 BIL for injuries to two or more

people, and $50,000 PDL. This higher

coverage must be in eect for three

years aer your DUI conviction. The

higher limits will no longer apply if you

are not convicted of another DUI or any

felony traic oense during that three-

year period.

Other higher coverage limits are required

by law if: your driver license is suspended

for accumulation of excessive points for

infractions; you cause a crash and people

were injured; your driver license was

revoked for Habitual Traic Oender

status; or your driver license was revoked

for any serious oense. The required

coverage for these cases are $10,000 BIL

for injuries to one person, $20,000 BIL for

injuries to two or more people, $10,000

PDL; OR $30,000 combined single limits.

If you do not provide proof of higher

coverage limits, your driver license and/

or license plates will be suspended for

up to three years.

In addition, if you are the driver or the

owner of a vehicle involved in a crash

that is your fault, FLHSMV can require

you to pay for the damages before your

driving privilege is reinstated.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 25

.............................................................................................

Your Driving PriviLege

Restrictions for Minors

(Driving Curfews)

◆ Minors holding a learner’s license

must be accompanied by a

licensed driver age 21 or older, and

must only drive during daylight

hours. Aer 3 months you may

drive until 10 pm.

◆ A 16-year-old licensed driver may

not drive between 11 pm and 6 am

unless driving to or from work or

accompanied by a licensed driver

age 21 or older.

◆ A 17-year-old licensed driver may

not drive between 1 am and 5 am,

unless driving to or from work or

accompanied by a licensed driver

age 21 or older.

Violations of the Driver

License Law

You can be put in jail or required to pay a

fine for the following oenses:

◆ Altering your license in any way.

◆ Unlawful use of your license.

◆ Allowing your license to be used by

another person.

◆ Making a fraudulent application for

a driver license or ID card.

◆ Having more than one credential

(US driver license or ID card).

◆ Allowing an unlicensed person to

use your car, or renting a motor

vehicle to someone without a

license.

◆ Giving false statements to law

enforcement or in a courtroom.

◆ Knowingly giving false information

in crash reports.

Disabled Parking Permit

Violations

If you have a mobility impairment, you

don’t have to pay parking fees on any

public street, highway, or metered space

and may park in spaces reserved for

persons with disabilities. However, you

must display a disabled parking permit

or plate to park in these designated

spaces and the vehicle must actually be

transporting the person with the disabil-

ity who owns the permit or registration.

Anyone who obtains or uses a permit that

does not belong to them can be charged

with a second degree misdemeanor, pun-

ishable by a $500 fine or up to 6 months in

jail, and the illegally parked vehicle can

be towed and the permit confiscated.

Driving Under the Influence

(DUI)

You can be charged with Driving Under

the Influence (DUI) if you are found to

be driving or in physical control of a

motor vehicle while under the influence

of alcoholic beverages, controlled sub-

stances, prescriptions, or over-the-

counter medications.

At the time of arrest, your license will be

administratively suspended if you have a

breath or blood alcohol level (BAL) of .08

or above, or refuse to submit to a breath/

blood alcohol test.

IMPLIED CONSENT LAW

You will be asked to take a blood test,

a urine test, or a breath test if a law

enforcement oicer has reasonable

cause to believe that you are under the

influence of alcohol or drugs while driv-

ing. By law, you have agreed by

signing your driver license to take

these tests if asked.

��

If you refuse to take the tests when

asked, your license will automatically

be suspended for one year.

A second refusal will result in an 18

month suspension and a first degree

misdemeanor.

In DUI cases involving death or serious

injury, you will be required to take a

blood test with or without your consent.

The blood must be drawn by a doctor,

nurse, or other health professional. Blood

may be drawn if you are unconscious.

PENALTIES FOR DUI

First DUI Conviction

◆ Fine: $500–$1,000 (BAL .15 or higher

or minor in the vehicle, not less than

$1,000 or more than $2,000).

◆ Community Service: 50 hours.

◆ Probation: Up to 1 year.

◆ Imprisonment: Not more than 6

months (BAL .15 or higher or minor

in the vehicle, not more than 9

months).

◆ License Revocation: Minimum 180

days.

◆ DUI School: 12 hours.

◆ Evaluation conducted to determine

need for treatment for addiction.

◆ Ignition Interlock Device: if court

ordered (if BAL .15 or higher, or

minor in the vehicle, at least six

continuous months).

Second DUI Oense/Conviction

◆ Fine: $1,000–$2,000 (BAL .15 or

higher or minor in the vehicle, not

less than $2,000 or more than

$4,000).

◆ Imprisonment: Not more than 9

months.

◆ License Revocation: Minimum 180

days.

◆ DUI School: 21 hours.

◆ Evaluation conducted to determine

need for treatment for addiction.

◆ Ignition Interlock Device: At least

one continuous year.

Third DUI Oense/Conviction

◆ Fine: $2,000–$5,000 (BAL .15 or

higher or minor in the vehicle, not

less than $4,000).

◆ Imprisonment: Not more than 12

months.

◆ License Revocation: Minimum 180

days.

◆ DUI School: 21 hours.

◆ Evaluation conducted to determine

need for treatment for addiction.

◆ Ignition Interlock Device: At least

two continuous years.

ZERO TOLERANCE

Any driver under 21 years of age who is

stopped by law enforcement and has a

BAL of .02 or higher will automatically

have their driving privilege suspended

for six months.

Any driver under 21 with a BAL of .05 or

higher is required to attend a substance

abuse course.

An evaluation will be completed and

parents or legal guardians will be noti-

fied of the results for all drivers under

the age of 19.

Florida law states that if you are

convicted of possessing, selling,

or traicking in drugs, including

marijuana, your driver license

must be suspended.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 27

.............................................................................................

Your Driving PriviLege

Additionally, if drugs are in your

vehicle because you are using your

car to transport, sell, or distribute

drugs, or to assist in committing any

other felony, then your car may be

seized and forfeited to the arresting

agency as contraband.

Littering

It is a crime to dump litter from a motor

vehicle in any amount on any highway,

road or street. If you throw litter up to 15

pounds onto roadways, you can be fined

$100. If you throw more than 15 pounds

of litter, you can be charged with a first-

degree misdemeanor, fined up to $1,000,

and receive 3 points on your driving

record. The court may also require you to

pick up litter along roadways.

Passing a Stopped School Bus

Penalties for passing a stopped school

bus include:

◆ Moving violation subject to citation;

◆ Must complete a basic driver

improvement course;

◆ Four points on your driver license;

◆ Minimum fine of $265, if you pass

on the side where children enter

and exit, you will receive a mini-

mum fine of $465.

If passing results in the serious injury or

death of another person, penalties

include:

◆ Serve 120 community service

hours in a trauma center or

hospital;

◆ Participate in a victim’s impact

panel or driver improvement

course;

◆ Six points on your driver license;

◆ Suspension of license for a mini-

mum of one year; and

◆ A $1,500 fine.

For additional information on when a

school bus may be passed, see page 88.

Road Damage

It is against the law to damage the roads

by driving on the rim of a flat tire or by

any other means.

Safety Belts and Child

Passenger Safety

SAFETY BELTS

Safety belts save lives, but only if worn

correctly every time you are in a motor

vehicle! You are far more likely to be

killed in a crash if you are not wearing a

safety belt. In a crash, your safety belt

keeps you:

◆ from being ejected from the vehicle;

◆ from being thrown against other

passengers, your steering wheel, or

windshield; and

◆ behind the wheel, where you can

control the vehicle.

Wear both the lap belt and the shoulder

belt. Wear your lap belt around your hips

and wear your shoulder belt across your

chest. Your safety belt will not work if it

is tucked behind you. Airbags are not a

substitute for safety belts!

CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY SEATS/

RESTRAINTS

The best child seat is one that fits your

child, fits your car, and that you can use

correctly every time. Read the car seat’s

instruction manual and the portion of

your vehicle’s owner manual on car seat

installation. Children under 13 should be

��

secured in the rear seat because airbags

can injure or kill young children in the

front seat. Never place a rear-facing car

seat in front of an airbag.

It is the parent or guardian’s responsibil-

ity to supply a proper child restraint

when transporting a child in a vehicle for

hire (e.g., taxi, bus, limousine).

FLORIDA LAW REQUIRES:

◆ All drivers, front seat passengers,

and passengers under the age of 18

wear safety belts*.

◆ Children under age 4 must be in a

safety seat and children ages 4 and

5 must be in either a safety seat or

a booster seat.

Drivers will be charged with a safety belt/

child restraint violation if any passenger

under 18 is not properly restrained.

Passengers 18 years old or older will be

charged with the violation if they fail to

wear a safety belt when required by law.

In Need of Car Seat Assistance?

Whether you've just installed a car

seat, or need help installing or using

one, get help at a car seat fitting

station near you. Certified techni-

cians will check your car seat (free of

charge in most cases) and will show

you how to correctly install it.

Find a Florida Fitting Station:

www.floridaoprc.ce.ufl.edu/oprc/

Fitting_Stations.asp

Passengers on a school bus equipped

with safety belts or restraint systems

shall wear a properly adjusted and fas-

tened safety belt or restraint at all times

while the school bus is in operation.

EXEMPTIONS

Florida law exempts the following from

the safety belt requirements:

◆ A person certified by a physician

as having a medical condition that

causes safety belt use to be

inappropriate or dangerous. (Keep

a copy of certification while driving

or riding in a motor vehicle.)

◆ Employee of a newspaper home

delivery service while delivering

newspapers.

◆ School buses purchased new prior

to December 31, 2000.

◆ Buses used for transportation of

persons for compensation.

◆ Farm equipment.

◆ Trucks of a net weight of more than

26,000 pounds.

◆ A safety belt (without booster seat)

may only be used for children 4–5

years of age when the driver is not

a member of the child’s immediate

family and the child is being

transported as a favor or in an

emergency.

*Some exemptions apply to cars manufactured

prior to 1968 and trucks prior to 1972.

Speeding

Speeding endangers everyone on the

road. Obeying speed limits and not

driving aggressively improves safety by

reducing the probability and severity of

crashes. All motorists must obey speed

limits and are responsible for knowing

the speed limit on the roadway. In

Florida, the speed limit will never be

higher than 70 mph.

Speeding citations can result in fines

and points on your driving record.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 29

.............................................................................................

Your Driving PriviLege

◆ The fine for exceeding the speed

limit by more than 50 MPH is $1,000

for the first oense and $2,500 for

the second.

◆ Fines are doubled when speeding

infractions occur within a school

zone or construction zone, with

possible civil penalties up to

$1,000, and you can be required to

complete a driving course.

Traffic Crashes

If you are charged in a crash, you may

have to go to court. The law enforcement

oicer who comes to the scene of the

crash will file charges against any driver

who violated a traic law. Those charged

will have a chance to be heard in court.

The court will then decide the penalty.

Others who were present at the crash

may have to come to court as a witness.

If you are found at fault in a crash where

anyone was injured and transported to a

medical treatment facility, or it is your

second collision in a two-year period,

you will be required by law to attend a

Traic Collision Avoidance Course.

THREE CRASHES IN THREE YEARS LAW

If you were convicted of, or pleaded nolo

contendre (no contest) to your third

traic oense that caused a crash within

36 months, you must complete a FLHSMV-

approved driver improvement course

that includes behind-the-wheel training

and an assessment of your driving safety.

You must:

◆ complete a 12 hour Advanced

Driver Improvement (ADI) course;

◆ receive 4 hours of behind-the-

wheel training from a Florida

licensed commercial driving school

(CDS); and

◆ pass the extended driving test with

a driver license examiner.

Failure to complete requirements within

90 days will result in license cancellation.

Point System

There are infractions that can cause the

loss or restriction of your driving privi-

leges. You receive points for moving

violations. If you accumulate too many

points in a certain period of time, your

license will be suspended and can be

revoked.

◆ 12 points within a 12-month

period—30 day suspension

◆ 18 points within a 18-month

period—3 month suspension

◆ 24 points within a 36-month

period—1 year suspension

The motorist receives the same number

of points listed if the conviction occurs

out-of-state or in a federal court.

Mandatory Restriction

for Minors

Any driver under the age of 18 who accu-

mulates 6 or more points within a 12

month period is automatically restricted

for one year to driving for Business

Purposes Only.

If additional points are accumulated,

the restriction is extended for 90 days

for every additional point received.

��

Common Violations and Associated Point Value

Following is a list of common violations and the associated point value.

Violation Points

Unlawful speed 15 MPH or less over lawful or posted speed 3

Unlawful speed 16 MPH or more over lawful or posted speed 4

Unlawful speed resulting in a crash 6

Leaving the scene of a crash resulting in property damage of more

than $50

6

Texting while driving 3

Texting occurred in a school zone (points added to the primary

oense)

+3*

Texting resulted in a crash +6*

Violation of traic signal/sign/device 4

Passing a stopped school bus 4

Passing a stopped school bus resulting in serious injury or death 6

Reckless driving 4

Driving during restricted hours 3

Using a handheld device in a school crossing, school zone or work

zone

3

*Points added to primary offense.

Losing the Privilege to Drive

Every driver who obtains a license must drive safely to keep it. If you break laws or

become an unsafe driver, your license can be suspended, revoked, or canceled. The

following table includes some—but not all—of the reasons one can lose the privilege

to drive. Resolve your traic citations in a timely manner so that you do not lose your

driving privilege.

Note: Forfeiting bail and not going to court to avoid being convicted of reckless

driving counts the same as a conviction.

Suspensions

Your license will be SUSPENDED (temporary withdrawal of driving privilege) if you:

◆ Make a fraudulent driver license application.

◆ Allow your license to be used for a purpose that is against the law.

◆ Are convicted in traic court and the court orders your license be suspended.

◆ Refuse to take a test to show if you are driving while under the influence of

alcohol or drugs.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 31

.............................................................................................

Your Driving PriviLege

◆ Misuse a restricted license.

◆ Earn a certain number of points for

traic oenses on the point system.

◆ Break a traic law and fail to pay

the fine or appear in court as

directed.

◆ Fail to pay child support.

◆ Fail to carry vehicle insurance.

◆ Fail to stop for a school bus.

◆ Commit retail the.

◆ Are non-compliant with education

requirements (school dropout).

Revocations

Your license must be REVOKED (termi-

nation of driving privilege) if you are

found guilty of (or department records

show):

◆ Driving while under the influence

of alcohol, drugs or other con-

trolled substances.

◆ A felony where a motor vehicle is

used.

◆ Not stopping to help when the

vehicle you are driving is involved

in a crash causing death or

personal injury.

◆ Lying about the ownership or

operation of motor vehicles.

◆ Three cases of reckless driving

within one year.

◆ An immoral act in which a motor

vehicle was used.

◆ Three major oenses or 15 oenses

for which you receive points within

a 5-year period.

◆ A felony for drug possession.

◆ Your vision is worse than the

standard minimum requirements.

◆ Racing on the highway.

Cancellations

Your license can be CANCELED (void and

terminated) if:

◆ Your license was issued in error.

◆ You give false information or

identification.

◆ You fail to complete a required

school.

Administrative Hearings

If your driving privilege is suspended or

revoked, you may be eligible to apply for

a hardship license or reinstatement. For

eligibility information, contact the local

Bureau of Administrative Reviews (BAR)

oice, driver license service center, or

the FLHSMV Customer Service Center. To

schedule an administrative hearing go to

MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov.

If you are administratively suspended for

a breath or blood alcohol level of .08 or

above, or refuse to submit to a breath,

urine, or blood test and wish to appeal

this suspension, you must apply for a

formal or informal review hearing at the

appropriate BAR oice within 10 days of

your date of arrest.

A first time DUI oender who has never

had prior DUI related oenses, may be

eligible to request a review of eligibility

for a restricted driver license. By accept-

ing a restricted driver license, the driver

agrees to waive the right to a review of

the suspension. To elect this option, the

driver must appear at a BAR oice within

10 days of the DUI arrest, and request the

waiver review option and pay a non-re-

fundable fee.

��

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 33

BEFORE YOU DRIVE—YOU THE DRIVER

Driving an automobile is a huge responsibility. In order to drive safely, you must be

fully engaged: hands on the wheel, eyes on the road, and mind on driving. Anything

that aects your physical or mental condition can impair your ability to drive.

Physical Health

It's important to get regular vision, hearing, and general physical check-ups. Get

treatment for illnesses and avoid driving when sick. Remember that whenever you

are prescribed medication, you should ask your doctor or pharmacist how it can

aect your driving.

Considerations for Older Drivers

As we age, physical changes require us to adapt so that we can continue to drive

safely. Older drivers should:

◆ Get regular medical and eye exams to identify physical and mental conditions

that may aect driving;

◆ Ask the doctor or pharmacist how medications—especially when taken in

combination with other medications—aect driving;

◆ Consult with a doctor about an exercise program to maintain the flexibility and

strength needed for safe driving;

◆ Make vehicle adjustments as necessary.

◆ If it's diicult to turn the steering wheel, consider getting a steering knob.

◆ If you have diiculty turning your head to check blind spots, consider

getting a larger side mirror;

◆ If it's diicult to buckle up; consider an assistive device to help reach the belt.

◆ Avoid wearing sunglasses in dim or dark conditions; and

◆ Avoid risky driving times:

◆ Dusk, dawn, and nighttime.

◆ Bad weather.

◆ Rush-hour traic.

◆ Fast-paced highways.

The Florida Safe Mobility for Life program provides information

and resources to raise awareness and to improve the safety,

access, and mobility needs of Florida’s aging road users.

Resources available provide education for older adults, families,

caregivers, and community partners on how to achieve safe

mobility for life. To learn more, please visit safemobilityfl.com.

��

Distracted Driving

Distracted driving is extremely risky behavior that puts you and your passengers in

danger, as well as pedestrians and bicyclists sharing the road. Focused attention on

driving helps to prevent crashes.

There are three main categories of driver distraction:

Categories of Distraction

1. Visual—taking your eyes o the road

2. Manual—taking your hands o the steering wheel

3. Cognitive—thinking about anything other than driving

Texting involves all three categories of distractions, making it one of the most dan-

gerous of distracted driving behaviors.* However, this is not the only cause of

distracted driving. Other common distractions include:

◆ talking on a cell phone;

◆ watching an object, person, or event

outside of the vehicle;

◆ reaching for an object;

◆ interacting with passengers;

◆ eating or drinking;

◆ unsecured pets;

◆ grooming;

◆ adjusting radio or climate controls;

◆ lighting a cigarette; and/or

◆ daydreaming.

* It is illegal in Florida to operate a motor vehicle while texting. Florida law prohibits a person from operating

a motor vehicle while using a wireless communications device in a handheld manner in a designated school

crossing, school zone, or work zone.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 35

.........................................................................

Before You Drive—You The Driver

Drinking & Driving

Alcohol reduces all of the skills necessary

to drive safely, such as judgment, reac-

tion, vision, and concentration. Alcohol is

absorbed into the lining of the stomach

and then passes directly into the blood-

stream and reaches your brain within

minutes aer consumption. A person’s

judgment is the first thing aected

aer drinking an alcoholic beverage.

Even one drink of alcohol can aect your

driving. Alcohol slows your reflexes and

reaction time, reduces your ability to see

clearly, and makes you less alert. You will

have trouble judging distance, speed, and

movement of other vehicles. You will also

have trouble controlling your vehicle.

If you drink alcohol—even just one

drink—your chances of being in a crash

are much greater than if you did not

drink any alcohol. No one can drink

alcohol and drive safely, even if you have

been driving for many years.

Because drinking alcohol and driving is

so dangerous, the penalties are very

tough. People who drive aer drinking

risk heavy fines, higher insurance rates,

loss of driver license, and even jail sen-

tences. A DUI (Driving Under the

Influence) conviction must remain on

your driving record for 75 years.

Do Not Drink and Drive!

◆ Before drinking, designate a sober

driver.

◆ If you are the designated driver, do

not drink. One drink is one too

many.

◆ If you are impaired—and did not

designate a driver—use a rideshare

service, call a sober friend or family

member, or use public transporta-

tion to get home safely.

Remember, friends don’t let

friends drive drunk. If you know

someone who is about to drive

impaired, take their keys and help

them get a safe ride home.

Drowsy Driving

Drowsy driving can be just as dangerous

as drunk driving. Do not drive when you

are tired. It is risky to drive drowsy

because fatigue (being sleepy) can:

◆ slow your thought processes and

reaction time;

◆ aect your judgment and vision;

◆ impair your senses and abilities;

and/or

◆ cause micro-sleeping (“nodding

o”) or falling completely asleep.

The two main causes of drowsy driving

are lack of quality/quantity of sleep and

driving at times of the day when you

would normally be sleeping. Avoid driv-

ing drowsy!

◆ Don’t drive at times when you

would normally be asleep.

◆ Get a good night’s sleep before you

travel.

◆ On long trips, take a break every

100 miles or 2 hours.

◆ If you feel sleepy find a safe place

to stop and take a nap.

◆ Use the “buddy system” and switch

drivers when needed.

��

Drugged Driving

Driving while impaired by drugs is illegal

and subject to the same penalties as

driving while impaired by alcohol.

Besides alcohol, there are many drugs

that can aect a person’s ability to safely

operate a vehicle. This is true for many

prescription drugs, as well as over-the-

counter medications for allergies and

colds. If a person is taking medication,

they should be sure to check the label

for warnings about the medication’s

eects prior to driving. If they are not

sure it is safe to take the drug and drive,

they should ask their doctor or pharma-

cist about any side eects.

Alcohol and drugs should not be con-

sumed at the same time. Mixing alcohol

and drugs oen multiplies the eects of

the alcohol and drugs. For example, one

drink, when you are also taking an

allergy or cold medication, could have

the same eect as several drinks.

Illegal drugs and controlled substances,

such as marijuana, also aect a person’s

reflexes, judgment and alertness along

with their many other dangerous side

eects. These drugs can give a person a

false sense of alertness and self-confi-

dence or make a person drowsy and

unable to react to simple situations.

Emotions

Emotions can have an eect on driving

safely. You may not be able to drive

safely if you are worried, excited, crying,

angry, or depressed. Emotions can

distract you from your driving because

your mind is focused on other issues, not

driving. Your emotional state can alter

the way you react—or overreact—to

driving situations. Take time to calm

down and get focused before driving.

Road Rage

Road rage is violent or visibly angry

behavior by a driver which can result in

crashes or other incidents on roadways.

Signs include:

◆ sudden acceleration or braking,

◆ following too closely;

◆ cutting o other drivers;

◆ preventing other vehicles from

merging into your lane;

◆ excessively hitting the horn or

flashing headlights;

◆ shouting obscenities or threats;

◆ making obscene hand gestures;

◆ intentionally causing a crash;

◆ getting out of a vehicle in an

attempt to start a confrontation;

◆ using a weapon or threatening to

use a weapon; and/or

◆ throwing objects from the vehicle.

If another driver is threatening you or

intentionally driving dangerously around

you, remain calm and try to put as

much distance between you and them

as possible. Slow down and let them

pass. Do not make eye contact; do not

make obscene gestures. If you need

help, call *FHP (*347) or 911.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 37

BEFORE YOU DRIVE—YOUR VEHICLE

Vehicle Registration

The vehicle you own must have a Florida

registration certificate and license plate.

Non-residents who accept employment

or engages in a trade, profession or

occupation in Florida; or enrolls children

to be educated in a Florida public

school, must obtain the registration

certificate and license plate within 10

days aer beginning employment or

enrollment. You also must have a Florida

Certificate of Title for your vehicle unless

an out-of-state lien holder/lessor holds

the title and will not release it to Florida.

To get a registration certificate and

license plate, you must show proof of

Florida insurance (in most cases, you

need a Florida driver license to get

insurance.) You must also prove that you

own your vehicle by showing your certifi-

cate of title.

The vehicle identification number (VIN)

on any vehicle previously titled or regis-

tered in another state must be verified

by one of several designated oicials

before the vehicle can be titled and

registered in Florida. VIN verification is

not required on any new vehicles (regard-

less of whether purchased in Florida or

out-of-state), or new/used mobile homes,

trailer type recreational vehicles (travel

trailers, camp trailers, truck campers,

and fih wheel recreational trailers), or

trailers and semi-trailers with a weight of

less than 2,000 pounds.

Applying for Title, License

Plates & Registration

Apply for title, license plates, and regis-

tration at any service center in Florida.

The cost of your license plate will

depend on the type and weight of your

vehicle. Your vehicle must always have a

current license plate and you must

always have your vehicle’s registration

when you are driving. If you buy a vehicle

from a dealer in Florida, the dealer must

apply for a certificate of title, certificate

of registration and license plate for you.

If you buy a vehicle from an individual,

you must obtain the title from the indi-

vidual and apply for a certificate of title

in your name.

You may apply for a certificate of title,

certificate of registration, and license

plate at the same time. You cannot get a

license plate until you have a title to

prove that you own the vehicle. All first

time driver license applicants who hold

an out-of-state license should apply for a

Florida driver license before they regis-

ter their vehicle in Florida (many service

centers will do both at the same time).

Renewal

Vehicle license plates and registrations

must be renewed each year or biennially.

Registrations expire at midnight on the

birthday of the first owner listed on the

registration form, except for:

◆ mobile homes and semi-trucks/

semi-trailers renew yearly by

December 31.

◆ vehicles owned by companies and

corporations and some CMVs

renew yearly by June 30.

Registrations may be renewed up to 90

days prior to the expiration date. Each

time you renew, you must prove that you

have the required insurance, unless it’s

on file and electronically updated.

��

Equipment Standards

The equipment on your car must meet certain standards. You may be stopped at any

time by law enforcement for a vehicle inspection.

Required Equipment

Equipment Specifications

Brakes

Two braking systems. Each must be able to stop the car alone.

The parking or emergency brake should be strong enough to

hold the car on any hill.

Low Beam Headlights Show objects 150 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.

High Beam Headlights Show objects 450 feet ahead. Visible from 1,000 feet.

Taillights Two red taillights. Visible from 1,000 feet.

Brake Lights Two red brake lights. Visible from 300 feet in the daytime.

License Plate Light White light that makes the license plate visible from 50 feet.

Directional Signals Amber; or white (front) or red (rear). Visible from 500 feet.

Horn Heard from a distance of 200 feet.

Mirrors At least one rear-view mirror with view 200 feet to the rear.

Windshield Wiper In good working order to clear the driver’s view.

Windshields*

Must be safety glass and may not be covered or treated with

any material that makes the windshield reflective or

non-transparent. Must be free of any stickers not required by

law.

Side & Rear Windows*

May not be composed of, covered by, or treated with any

material which has a mirrored appearance or reflects more

than 25% of the light (side windows) or more than 35% of the

light (rear window).

Tires

Should have a minimum tread of at least 3/32 of an inch or

greater, and no worn spots showing the ply.

*See Florida Statues (FS) §316.2953 and FS §316.2954 for details on window tint restrictions

Equipment NOT Permitted

◆ Red lights visible from front or blue lights. For emergency/law enforcement

vehicles only.

◆ More than two spotlights, cowl or fender lights, fog lights, or other extra lights.

◆ A siren, bell, or whistle.

◆ A very loud muler (heard from more than 50 feet) or one that emits smoke.

◆ Signs, posters, or stickers on the windshield or windows (except if required by

law).

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 39

............................................................................

Before You Drive—Your vehicLe

◆ A “television-type receiver” that

the driver can see.

◆ Headsets/headphones worn by

driver while operating a vehicle.

Read your vehicle owner’s

manual! It's an excellent resource

for information specific to your

vehicle, such as: types of fluids

your car requires, what dashboard

warning lights mean, your car

service intervals and more.

Air Bags

Air bags are designed to work with safety

belts to protect occupants during a

collision. Air bags are NOT a replace-

ment for wearing a safety belt.

Advanced Driver Assistance

Systems (ADAS)

It’s important to understand that some

driver assistance technologies are

designed to warn you if you’re at risk of

an impending crash, while others are

designed to take action to avoid a crash.

Be sure to review your vehicle’s owner’s

manual for information on your vehicle’s

technology and safety features.

COLLISION WARNING SYSTEMS

Collision Warning Systems only provide

warnings to drivers and do NOT take

action to avoid a crash.

◆ Blind Spot Warning systems

alert drivers with an audio or visual

warning if there are vehicles in

adjacent lanes that the driver may

not see when making a lane change.

◆ Forward Collision Warning

systems monitor your vehicle’s

speed, the speed of the vehicle in

front of it and the distance be-

tween the vehicles. If the vehicle

gets too close to the vehicle ahead,

the system will warn the driver of

an impending crash.

◆ Lane Departure Warning systems

monitor lane markings and alerts

the driver when it detects that the

vehicle is driing out of its lane.

◆ Rear Cross Traic Warning alerts

the driver of potential collisions,

while in reverse, that may be

outside the view of the backup

camera.

COLLISION INTERVENTION SYSTEMS

Collision Intervention Systems are

designed to take action to avoid a crash.

◆ Automatic Emergency Braking

systems apply the vehicle’s brakes

automatically in time to avoid or

mitigate an impending forward

crash with another vehicle.

◆ Blind Spot Intervention systems

monitor for vehicles in the driver’s

blind spot using rear-facing

cameras or proximity sensors. If

the driver ignores the blind spot

warning, and starts to change to a

lane where there’s a vehicle, the

system activates and automatically

applies light braking pressure, or

provides steering input to guide the

vehicle back into the original lane.

◆ Pedestrian Automatic

Emergency Braking systems

use information from forward

sensors to detect a pedestrian in

the vehicle’s path. The system will

provide automatic braking if the

driver has not acted to avoid a

crash.

◆ Rear Automatic Braking uses

sensors, like parking sensors and

the backup camera, to detect

��

objects behind the vehicle. If a

potential collision is detected while

in reverse, it automatically applies

the brakes if a crash is imminent.

DRIVING CONTROL ASSISTANCE

◆ Adaptive Cruise Control automat-

ically adjusts the vehicle’s speed to

keep a pre-set distance between it

and the vehicle in front of it.

◆ Lane Centering Assistance

utilizes a camera-based vision

system designed to monitor the

vehicle’s lane position and auto-

matically and continuously apply

steering inputs needed to keep the

vehicle centered within its lane.

◆ Lane Keeping Assistance systems

use lane departure warning sensors

to determine if the vehicle is about

to unintentionally move out of its

lane of travel. If so, the system

activates and corrects the steering,

brakes or accelerates one or more

of the wheels, or does a combina-

tion of both, resulting in the vehicle

returning to its intended lane of

travel.

OTHER SYSTEMS

◆ Automatic Crash Notification

systems notify emergency respond-

ers that a crash has occurred and

provide its location. In most cases,

when the system detects that an air

bag has deployed or that there’s

been a dramatic and sudden

deceleration, the system automati-

cally connects to an operator, who

will then be able to communicate

with the driver. The operator is also

able to collect basic information

from the vehicle, without driver

input, to provide to emergency

responders so they can easily locate

the scene of the crash.

◆ Automatic High Beams automati-

cally switch the vehicle’s headlights

between the lower beam and the

higher beam, based on lighting

conditions and traic, when an

oncoming vehicle approaches. This

technology, also known as semi-

automatic beam switching head-

lamps, uses photometric sensors

or onboard cameras to detect

when to switch between high and

low beams.

◆ Backup Cameras, or rearview

video systems, helps prevent

backover crashes. By providing

an image of the area behind the

vehicle, a backup camera helps

the driver see behind the vehicle

while in reverse. It’s important to

remember that backup cameras

are not a replacement for mirrors

or turning around to look.

Additional information on ADAS is avail-

able at mycardoeswhat.org.

Brake Systems

Anti-lock brake system (ABS) prevents

skidding and allows drivers to steer

during an emergency braking situation.

ABS can help improve vehicle stability,

steering, and stopping capability. It is

important to know if your vehicle has

ABS because it will aect the way you

should stop in an emergency situation.

Drivers with ABS need to press down

hard on the brake pedal, hold it, and

steer out of danger. In an emergency

situation, the ABS automatically pumps

the brakes at a faster rate than the driver

could. Removing steady pressure from

the brake pedal or pumping the brakes

will disengage or “turn o” the ABS.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 41

............................................................................

Before You Drive—Your vehicLe

Drivers with conventional brakes must pump the brakes in order to stop in an

emergency situation where traction is lost and the vehicle slides.

You can determine if the vehicle has ABS by looking for a lighted ABS symbol on

the dashboard aer starting the engine, checking the owner’s manual, or asking the

dealer.

Bumper Height Requirements

Owners of automobiles and pickup trucks are required to have front and rear bumpers

mounted within certain height levels. Height limitations are governed by the net ship-

ping weight of the vehicle, not the modified or altered weight. The maximum allowable

height between the pavement and bottom of the front and rear bumper are:

Vehicle Weight Front Rear

Cars < 2,500 lbs. 22 in. 22 in.

Cars 2,500–3,499 lbs. 24 in. 26 in.

Cars ≥ 3,500 lbs. 27 in. 29 in.

Trucks < 2,000 lbs. 24 in. 26 in.

Trucks 2,000–3,000 lbs. 27 in. 29 in.

Trucks 3,000–5,000 lbs. 28 in. 30 in.

Emissions Control Devices

It is illegal to tamper with, remove, or cause not to work, any pollution control device

on your vehicle. Tampering can cause damage your vehicle, increased air pollution,

lower gas mileage, less vehicle eiciency and breathing diiculties.

Trailers, Towing, & Load

EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS:

◆ Trailer, semitrailer or pole trailer weighing 3,000 pounds or less:

◆ Two rear reflectors, one at each side.*

◆ A brake light if the trailer or load blocks/hides the brake lights on the towing

vehicle.

◆ Trailer or semitrailer weighing more than 3,000 pounds:

◆ Two front clearance lamps, one at each side.

◆ Two side marker lamps, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear.

◆ Two reflectors, one at or near the front and one at or near the rear*.

◆ Two rear clearance lamps, one on each side,

��

◆ Brakes that can be operated by

the driver in the towing vehicle.

The brakes must be designed

and connected to automatically

stop the trailer if it breaks away

from the towing vehicle.

◆ Pole trailer weighing more than

3,000 pounds:

◆ Two side marker lamps, one on

each side

◆ Two clearance lamps, one on

each side.

◆ Two rear reflectors, one on each

side.*

* Every motor vehicle, trailer, semitrailer, and pole

trailer must have two or more stop lamps (one

stop lamp is permitted on vehicles built before

January 1, 1972).

DRAWBAR OR TOWING CONNECTION

The drawbar/towing connection must:

◆ be strong enough to pull all towed

weight;

◆ not be more than 15 feet long

unless you are towing poles, pipes,

machinery, or other objects that

cannot be easily taken apart; and

◆ have a white flag at least 12 inches

square attached to it if it is chain,

rope, or cable.

SECURING THE LOAD

You must not drive or move any loaded

vehicle on the highway if the load is not

secure. The load must not be able to

drop, shi, leak, or otherwise escape.

◆ You must use a close-fitting cover

when hauling loads which could

fall or blow onto the roadway (e.g.,

dirt, sand, gravel).

◆ Every truck carrying logs or

pulp- wood must use lock chains to

securely fasten the load.

PROJECTING LOADS

A load that extends beyond the sides of a

vehicle and more than four feet or more

beyond its rear must be clearly marked.

During the day, red flags at least 18 inches

square must mark the extremities of the

load. Requirements from sunset to sun-

rise, and during any rain, smoke, or fog

include:

◆ two red lamps on the back of the

load that can be seen from at least

500 feet to the rear;

◆ two red reflectors on the rear that

can be seen from 100 to 600 feet

when directly in front of low beam

headlights, and located to show

the load’s full width; and/or

◆ one red lamp on each side of the

load, visible from at least 500 feet

to show maximum overhang of the

load.

If the trailer or motor vehicle is trans-

porting logs, pulpwood, poles, or posts

that extend more than four feet beyond

the rear of the load, you must have one

amber strobe-type lamp equipped so

that the lamp is visible from the rear and

both sides of the projecting load. The

lamp must be operational and seen any

time of day or night.

Passenger vehicles must not be driven

on any highway with a load extending

beyond the fenders on the le side of the

vehicle or extending more than 6 inches

beyond the line of the fenders on the

right side.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 43

TRAFFIC CONTROLS

Pavement Markings

Lines, symbols, and words are painted on roadways to help

direct drivers and control traic flow. Know what the dier-

ent lines, colors, and symbols mean and obey them.

Unless you are turning, exiting a highway, or changing lanes,

always stay between the lines marking your lane. Drivers

may safely and briefly drive to the le of center on the road-

way to overtake a bicycle, other non-motorized vehicle, an

electric bicycle, or a pedestrian.

Edge Lines

Solid lines along the side of the road mark the right or le

edge of the roadway.

◆ Single solid white line. Marks the right edge of the

roadway.

◆ Single solid yellow line. Marks the le edge of the

roadway on divided highways and one-way streets.

White Lane Lines

White lane lines separate lanes of traic moving in the same

direction.

◆ Single broken white line. You may cross this line to

change lanes when it is safe to do so.

◆ Single solid white line. You may travel in the same

direction on both sides of this line, but do not cross the

line unless you must do so to avoid a hazard. Also used

to discourage lane changes near intersections.

◆ Double solid white lines. Crossing a double solid line/

changing lanes is not allowed.

Yellow Lane Lines

Yellow lane lines separate lanes moving in opposite

directions.

◆ Single broken yellow line. Stay to the right of the line.

You may cross this line to pass a car ahead of you only

when it is safe to do so.

Edge Lines and

Broken White Line

Solid White Line

Double White Line

Broken Yellow Line

��

◆ Double solid yellow lines. Vehicles moving in either direction must not pass/

cross these lines. (May turn le or pass a bicyclist when it is safe to do so).

◆ Double yellow lines–solid on right (“your side” of line), broken on le.

Passing is not allowed in this lane. (May turn le or pass a bicyclist when it is

safe to do so).

◆ Double yellow lines–broken on right (“your side” of line), solid on le.

Passing is permitted in this lane when safe to do so.

Double Yellow Lines

Double Yellow Lines—Solid on Right (“Your Side”), Broken on Left

Double Yellow Lines—Broken on Right (“Your Side”), Solid on Left

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 45

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

White Stop Lines

Stop lines show where you must stop for a stop sign or red

light. You must stop your vehicle before any part of it crosses

the line before the crosswalk.

Marked Crosswalks

Marked with solid white lines and sometimes filled with white

diagonal or perpendicular lines. Shows where pedestrians

should cross. Motorists must always yield the right-of-way to

pedestrians in a crosswalk.

Turn Lanes

Arrows are oen used with white lane lines to show which turn

may be made from the lane.

◆ Lane is marked with a curved arrow and the word

“ONLY”: you must turn in the direction of the arrow.

◆ Lane is marked with both a curved and straight arrow:

you may either turn or go straight.

◆ Two-way roadway with center lane: drivers from either

direction may use the center lane for le turns; you must

not use for passing.

Reversible Lanes

Some highways have reversible traic lanes to help handle

rush-hour traic. The direction of traic is normally reversed

at set times each day. These lanes are marked with special

pavement markings, lane signals, and signs.

Bicycle Lanes

◆ Exclusive bike lane. Solid white lines separate these

bike lanes from motor vehicle travel lanes. Oen marked

with bike lane signs/symbols.

◆ Shared-use lane. Marked with “sharrows.” These

markings alert motorists that bicyclists may use the

entire lane, indicate to bicyclists where to ride, and

discourage bicycling in the wrong direction.

Motorized vehicles are not allowed to drive in bike lanes; they

may cross over them when turning at intersections, but only

when no bicyclists are present in the bike lane. For additional

bicycle safety information, see page 81.

White Stop Line and

Crosswalk

Turn Lanes

Center Turn Lane

Reversible Lane

Bicycle Lane

Sharrow

��

Other Markings

◆ Curbs are oen marked yellow to indicate no parking zones near fire hydrants

or intersections.

◆ Yellow or white diagonal stripes mark fixed obstructions (medians, no parking

zones, etc.).

◆ It's illegal to park in or drive through areas with pavement markings indicating

fire lanes or safety zones.

Traic Signs

Traic signs tell you about traic rules, hazards, roadway location, roadway direc-

tions, and the location of roadway services. The shape, color, symbols and words of

these signs give clues to the type of information they provide.

Traffic Sign Colors

Red: Stop. Do not enter. Wrong way.

Yield.

Orange: Construction and mainte-

nance warning.

Yellow: General warning. Advisory of

unexpected roadway conditions.

Flourescent Yellow Green: High

emphasis warning of school, pedes-

trian and bicycling activity.

White/Black: Regulatory. Control

traic, set limits or give commands.

Green: Guide or directional

information.

Blue: Driver guidance. Also used to

identify parking spaces for disabled

drivers.

Brown: Areas of public recreation,

cultural and historical significance.

Informational Signs

Green Guide Signs. Gives information about directions and distances. East-West

routes have even numbers and North-South have odd numbers. In Florida, mile

markers indicate your location on an interstate and match with exit numbers.

Blue and White Service Signs. Directs you to services, such as gas, food, motels,

and hospitals.

Brown and White Signs. Direct you to scenic areas, parks, and areas of cultural/

historical significance.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 47

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Regulatory Signs

Regulatory signs control traic. They set limits or instruct drivers what they should

or should not do and are enforceable by law. Below are common regulatory signs.

Stop Sign. You must bring

your vehicle to a complete

halt. Stop before the stop

line, or if there is no stop

line, before the crosswalk

or intersection at a point

near the intersecting road-

way where you have a clear

view of approaching traic.

All Way Stop. Traic in

all directions must stop.

Vehicles proceed through

the intersection in the order

that they arrived; the first

vehicle to reach the inter-

section should move

forward first. If vehicles

arrive at approximately

the same time, each driver

must yield to the driver on

their right.

Yield. Slow down. Give

vehicles crossing your path

the right-of-way. If the way is

clear, you may move forward

slowly without stopping.

Do Not Enter. On one-way

streets and roadways where

you may not enter.

Wrong Way. You are going

the wrong way. Turn around

immediately.

NO symbol. Red circle with

red slash. The sign shows

what you are not allowed to

do.

Speed Limit. Your speed

must not exceed the posted

speed in this area.

Exit Speed. This sign lists

the maximum safe speed

for an exit ramp on an

expressway. Slow down to

the posted speed.

Speeding Fines Doubled.

Posted in active school and

work zones. Fines will be

doubled if you are cited for

speeding in this area.

Turn Lanes. At the intersec-

tion ahead, traic in the le

lane must turn le and

traic in the adjoining lane

may turn le or continue

straight ahead.

Center Turn Lane. The

center lane is shared, allow-

ing le turns in both

directions of travel.

Le Lane Must Turn.

Traic in the le lane must

turn le at the intersection

ahead (also Right Lane Must

Turn).

Begin Right Turn Lane.

When entering a right turn

lane you may encounter

bicyclists traveling straight;

you must yield to the

bicyclists.

��

No U-Turn. You must not

make a complete turn to go

in the opposite direction.

No Right Turn. You must

not make a right turn at this

intersection (also No Le

Turn).

No Turn on Red. You must

not turn right or le during

the red light. You must wait

for the green signal.

No Turns. You must not

turn either to the right or to

the le at this intersection.

Must Turn. You can-

not go straight ahead.

You must turn either

to the right or le.

One Way. You must

travel only in the

direction of the arrow.

Keep Right. Stay to the

right of the divider.

Slower Traic Keep Right.

Slower traic must stay in

the right lane unless pass-

ing. Slower traic must

move out of the le lane

when being overtaken by a

faster vehicle.

No Passing. You may

not pass another vehicle.

Pass with Care. You are

allowed to pass, but do so

with caution.

Restricted Lane Ahead.

A lane is reserved for certain

purposes or certain vehicles,

such as buses or carpool

vehicles during rush hour

traic. Also used in bike

lanes.

Emergency Stopping Only.

You must only stop for

emergencies.

No Parking on Pavement.

If you stop, you must always

park o the pavement of the

roadway.

Parking by Disabled

Permit Only. Parking in this

space is only for vehicles

displaying an oicial dis-

abled parking permit and

transporting a person with

a disability.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 49

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Warning Signs

Warning signs are normally yellow and diamond-shaped. They alert drivers to condi-

tions ahead and what to look out for. Below are common warning signs.

Traic Signal Ahead. A

traic signal is at the inter-

section ahead. Slow down;

poor visibility is likely.

Stop Sign Ahead. Slow

down and be ready to stop

at the stop sign.

Yield Ahead. Yield sign

ahead. Slow down and be

prepared to stop or adjust

speed to traic.

Speed Reduction Sign.

Advance notice to upcom-

ing speed limit change.

Advisory Speed Sign.

The fastest safe speed you

should travel around the

curve ahead. Advisory

speed signs may be used

with any warning sign.

Two-Way Traic Ahead.

The roadway is about to

change to two-way traic;

there will be oncoming

traic.

Merging Traic. Ahead

another traic lane joins the

one you are on. Watch for

other traic and yield the

right-of-way when necessary.

Reduction of Lanes. The

right lane ends and traic

must merge le. Drivers in

the le lane should allow

others to merge smoothly.

Roundabout Circle.

Provides advance notice of a

roundabout. Prepare to slow

down and possibly yield to

traic in the roundabout.

Divided Highway Ahead.

The highway ahead is

divided by a median or

physical barrier.

Divided Highway Ends.

The divided highway ends

350 to 500 feet ahead. You

will then be on a roadway

with two-way traic. Keep

to the right.

Right Curve. The road will

curve to the right. Slow

your speed and do not pass

other vehicles.

Sharp Right Turn. The road

will make a sharp turn to the

right. Slow your speed and

do not pass other vehicles.

Reverse Curve. The road

will curve right, then to the

le. Slow your speed and

do not pass other vehicles.

Winding Road. There are

several curves ahead. Drive

slowly and carefully and do

not pass other vehicles.

Cross Road. A road crosses

the main highway ahead.

Look to the le and right for

other traic.

��

Side Road. Another road

enters the highway from the

direction shown. Watch for

traic from that direction.

Bicycle Crossing. A bike-

way crosses the roadway

ahead. Watch for bicyclists.

Emergency Vehicle

Crossing. Watch for emer-

gency vehicles entering or

crossing the roadway.

Truck Crossing. Watch for

trucks entering or crossing

the roadway.

Pedestrian Crossing.

Watch for people crossing

the street. Slow down or

stop to yield for pedestrians.

Animal Crossing. The

animal pictured on the sign

is common in the area;

watch for animals crossing

the road particularly during

twilight and at nighttime.

Low Clearance. Do not

enter if your vehicle is taller

than the height listed on

the sign.

Pavement Ends. The paved

surface ahead changes to a

gravel or earth road.

So Shoulder. The ground

on the side of the road is so.

Don’t leave the pavement

except in an emergency.

Slippery Surface. In wet

weather, drive slowly. Don't

speed up or brake quickly.

Make turns at slow speeds.

Dip. There is a low place in

the road. Go slowly and be

ready to stop and turn

around if the dip is filled with

water.

Narrow Bridge. The bridge

is wide enough to accom-

modate two lanes of traic,

but with very little clear-

ance. Stay in your lane.

One Lane Bridge. The

bridge is wide enough for

only one vehicle at a time.

Make sure the bridge is clear

of oncoming traic before

you cross.

Hill/Downgrade. The road

goes downhill ahead. Slow

down and be ready to shi to

lower gear to control speed.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 51

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Traic Signals

Traic signals are placed at intersections to keep traic moving and

to help prevent crashes. Drivers, pedestrians, and bicycle riders must

obey these signals except when an oicer is directing traic. If a

traic signal is out of order and law enforcement is not present,

treat the light/intersection as a four-way stop sign (see Power

Outage on page 79).

Steady Signal Lights

RED LIGHT

◆ Come to a complete stop at the stop line. Remain stopped

until the light turns green.

◆ Don’t stop too far away from the stop line. Some signals

change only when sensors detect vehicles at the stop line.

◆ Aer stopping, you may turn right if there is not a NO TURN ON

RED sign and the way is clear.

◆ You may turn le from a one-way street onto a one-way street

that has traic moving to the le.

◆ Before turning, you must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians

in the crosswalk and oncoming traic.

◆ Running (driving through) a red light is against the law and is

extremely dangerous!

YELLOW LIGHT

◆ Warning—the light is changing to red.

◆ Stop if you can safely do so. It is extremely dangerous to be in

an intersection when the light turns red.

GREEN LIGHT

◆ Go, but only if the intersection is clear.

◆ Yield to pedestrians in the crosswalk and vehicles in the

intersection.

◆ Approach at a speed that will allow you to slow down if the

light changes.

◆ When turning le, you must yield to oncoming traic and

pedestrians.

��

RED ARROW

◆ Do not make the movement shown by the arrow until the green

light appears.

◆ Aer stopping, you may turn right if there is not a NO TURN ON

RED sign and the way is clear.

◆ You may turn le from a one-way street onto a one-way street

that has traic moving to the le.

◆ You must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in the crosswalk

and oncoming traic.

YELLOW ARROW

◆ The green arrow is ending or the light is about to turn red.

◆ Stop if you can safely do so.

GREEN ARROW

◆ You may make a turn in the direction of the arrow.

◆ If the red light is illuminated at the same time, you must be in the

proper lane for such a turn.

◆ You must yield the right-of-way to vehicles and pedestrians in the

intersection.

Flashing Signal Lights

FLASHING YELLOW ARROW

◆ Turns are allowed in the direction of the arrow.

◆ The oncoming traic has a green light. Yield to oncoming traic

and pedestrians.

FLASHING RED LIGHT

Used at dangerous intersections. Treat it like a stop sign; stop and

proceed when safe.

FLASHING YELLOW LIGHT

◆ Used at, or just before, dangerous intersections.

◆ Also used to alert you to a warning sign such as a school

crossing or sharp curve. Proceed with caution.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 53

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Lane Signals

Lane signals are used:

◆ when the direction of the flow of traic changes during the day;

◆ to show that a toll booth is open or closed; or

◆ to show which lanes are opened or closed.

Red X. Never drive in a lane under the red X.

Yellow X. The lane signal is about to turn red.

Green Arrow. You may use this lane and you must also obey all other

signs and signals.

Ramp Signals

Ramp signals

◆ control the rate of vehicles entering an expressway; and

◆ alternate between red and green. You must wait for the green

signal before entering the expressway.

��

Specialized Signs and Signals

Construction/Maintenance Signs & Signals

Traic control devices are used in road construction and maintenance work areas to

direct drivers and other road users safely through the work site. Be prepared to

reduce your speed and use caution when directed to do so by a sign, flagger, or law

enforcement oicer. Failure to do so is illegal and is dangerous to those working in

the construction zone.

Construction and Maintenance Signs. The signs—usually diamond shaped and/or

orange in color—notify drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions near

work areas.

Channeling Devices. These include barricades, vertical panels, drums and cones.

These devices alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions on the

roadway and in work zones. These devices may be equipped with warning lights at

nighttime and stripes on barricades and panel devices slope downward in the direc-

tion traic must travel.

Flashing Arrow Panels. Used both during the day and at night to give advance

warning and directional information when it is necessary to move to another lane.

Flaggers. People who work in roadway construction/maintenance zones to stop,

slow, or guide traic safely through the area. Flaggers wear bright colored/fluores-

cent vests or jackets and use red flags or signs to direct traic.

Drawbridge Signs & Signals

Drawbridges are mechanical bridges over navigable waters that raise or turn to allow

marine traic to go under them.

Drawbridge Signal

◆ Red. Come to a complete stop at the marked stop line. The bridge is in opera-

tion and the roadway is closed to all pedestrian and motor vehicle traic.

◆ Yellow. The light is about to turn red. Stop if you can safely do so. The bridge is

about to start operation.

◆ Green. Proceed with caution.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 55

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Flashing Yellow Signal. When the yellow light is flashing, the

drawbridge is in operation. Slow down and prepare to stop.

Gates. Many drawbridges have gates with flashing red lights and

bells. Stop when the lights begin to flash and before the gate

lowers. It's against the law to drive around or under a gate—

either down or while being opened or closed—and it is extremely

dangerous.

Pedestrian Signs & Signals

Pedestrian signals show words or pictures to indicate when it is

safe—or not—to use the crosswalk.

WALK or Walking Person. You may begin to cross the street.

DON’T WALK or Raised Hand. Never enter the crosswalk or

begin crossing the street when the raised hand is flashing or

solid. If you are already in the crosswalk when this signal begins

flashing, quickly finish crossing the street.

Countdown Signal. The countdown starts at the beginning of

the DON’T START (flashing hand phase) and ends with a zero and

a DON’T WALK (solid hand) phase. Once the countdown starts

and the hand is flashing, it is no longer safe to enter the crosswalk.

Rectangular Rapid Flashing Beacon. Push the button to activate

the signal. Once the lights begin to flash and the approaching

traic stops, use the crosswalk. Motorists must stop and yield to

pedestrians in the crosswalk.

Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon

◆ When approaching a pedestrian signal with no light, if the

intersection is clear, go.

◆ If there is a yellow flashing light, slow down, because this

light indicates that a pedestrian has activated the push

button. Approach at a speed that will allow you to stop if the

light changes.

◆ If there is a yellow steady light, prepare to stop.

◆ If there is a red steady light, stop for pedestrian in

crosswalk.

◆ If there is a red flashing light, proceed with caution. If no

pedestrian is present and the intersection is clear, go.

08

��

Railroad Crossing Signs & Signals

When approaching a highway-railroad crossing, slow down and be

ready to stop. Do not stop on the railroad tracks or within 15

feet of the crossing.

Any driver, bicyclist or pedestrian approaching a railroad-highway

crossing must stop if:

◆ the warning devices are flashing;

◆ the crossing gate is lowered;

◆ a human flagger is warning of an approaching train; and/or

◆ an approaching train is clearly visible.

Advance Warning Sign. This is usually the first sign you see when

approaching a highway-railroad crossing.

Crossbuck Sign. These are yield signs; you must yield the right-of-

way to trains. A sign below the crossbuck will show the number of

tracks if there is more than one track.

Flashing Red Light Signals. At many crossings, the crossbuck sign

has flashing red lights and bells. When the lights begin to flash, stop

immediately! A train is approaching.

Gates. Many crossings have gates with flashing red lights and bells.

Stop when the lights begin to flash and before the gate lowers

across your road lane. It's against the law to drive around or under a

crossing gate—either down or while being opened or closed.

Pavement Marking. Markings may be painted on the paved

approach to a crossing before the stop line.

Dynamic Envelope. White roadway markings in the shape of con-

necting X’s used to visually highlight the danger zone where road

users should not stop. These markings indicate the clearance needed

for trains to safely pass, as any object within the dynamic envelope

has the potential to be struck when the train passes through.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 57

......................................................................................................

Traffic conTroLs

Remember:

◆ Slow down when approaching railroad crossings.

◆ Be prepared to stop especially when following buses or

trucks; many are required to stop at railroad crossings even

when gates are up/lights are not flashing.

◆ If there is more than one track, make sure all tracks are clear

before crossing.

◆ In heavy traic, make sure there is room for your vehicle on

the other side of the track before crossing.

◆ Trains are oen traveling faster than they appear and they

cannot stop quickly. Don’t try to “beat the train;” the train

always wins.

School Zone Signs & Signals

School Sign. You are near a school. Watch for children at all times,

not just during school hours.

School Crossing. Slow down and watch for children crossing the

road. Stop if necessary. Obey signals from any crossing guards.

Begin School Zone. Do not exceed the school zone speed limit

during indicated times or when light is flashing.

End School Zone. Marks the end of a reduced speed school zone.

School Bus Stop Ahead. Be prepared to stop. This sign is used to

alert motorists of an upcoming school bus stop that may be unex-

pected or obscured by roadway geometry, such as a curve or hill.

��

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 59

DRIVING SAFETY

Getting Ready to Drive

Inspect Your Vehicle

Brakes: Check to see that the pedal stays above the floor when you step on it. If the

car pulls to one side when you brake or if you hear any scraping or squealing noises,

your brakes may need to be repaired.

Lights: Check oen, replace burned- out bulbs and keep lenses clean.

Tires: Inspect oen for proper inflation/tire pressure, even tread wear and damage.

Windows and Windshields: Keep the glass clean inside and out.

Rear Window: If the rear window is covered by or treated with any material that

makes it non-transparent, the vehicle must be equipped with side mirrors on both

sides that allow the driver a rearview of at least 200 feet.

Before you start your engine:

◆ Be sure vehicle is in park or neutral.

◆ Adjust the seat so you can reach all controls.

◆ Adjust all rear-view mirrors so that you can use them without having to lean

forward or backward.

◆ Move anything that blocks your view of mirrors or roadway.

◆ Lock all car doors.

◆ Fasten your safety belt and make sure all passengers do the same.

Backing Up

1. Check behind your vehicle before you get in. Children and small objects

cannot be seen from the driver’s seat.

2. Place your right arm on the back of the passenger seat and turn around so

that you can look directly through the rear window.

◆ Do not depend on your rear-view or side mirrors as you cannot see directly

behind your vehicle.

◆ Don’t completely rely on cameras/alarms; they don’t always detect small

children and animals.

3. Back up slowly; your vehicle is harder to steer while you are backing.

4. When possible, have someone outside the vehicle to help you back up.

��

Blind Spots

Blind spots are areas near the le and right rear corners

of your vehicle that you can’t see in your rear-view mirrors

or with your peripheral vision.

Before you move to change lanes on a highway, pass on

any road, or make certain turns, turn your head to make

sure these areas are clear. Do not drive in someone else’s

blind spot. Move forward or drop back so that the other

driver can see you. The larger the vehicle, the larger the

blind spots. Large trucks and SUVs have blind spots close

to the rear of the vehicle that cannot be seen in rear-view

mirrors (see No Zones on page 82).

Braking Distance

Perception Distance

How far your vehicle travels—in favorable weather conditions—from the time your

eyes see a hazard until your brain recognizes it. Perception distance can be aected by

mental and physical conditions, medication, as well as visibility and the hazard itself.

The average perception time for an alert driver is ¾ second to 1 second.

Reaction Distance

How far you will continue to travel aer seeing the hazard until you physically hit the

brakes. The average driver has a reaction time of ¾ second to 1 second. At 50 MPH,

this accounts for 55 feet traveled.

Braking Distance

How far your vehicle travels—in favorable weather conditions— while you are brak-

ing. At 50 MPH, on dry pavement and with good brakes, it can take about 158 feet.

◆ High speeds greatly increase stopping distances and severity of crashes. The

faster you drive, the greater the impact or striking power of your vehicle.

◆ Doubling the speed means the braking distance and impact are 4 times greater.

◆ Tripling the speed means the braking distance and impact are 9 times greater.

◆ Quadrupling the speed means the braking distance and impact are 16 times

greater.

Total Stopping Distance

The total minimum distance your vehicle will travel (perception distance, reaction

distance, and braking distance) until your vehicle comes to a complete stop. At 50

MPH, you will travel a minimum of 268 feet...nearly the length of a football field.

Blind Spots

(approximate)

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 61

............................................................................................................

Driving safeTY

Following Distances

Rear-end collisions are almost always

caused by drivers following too closely.

Maintaining a large enough following

distance (the space between you and the

vehicle in front of you) greatly helps avoid

a collision with the vehicle in front of you.

The more distance between your vehicle

and others, the more time you have to

react. Keep a minimum following dis-

tance of four seconds during favorable

weather and traic conditions. (Increase

following distance during unfavorable

weather or traic conditions.)

How to determine a safe

following distance:

1. Watch when the rear of the vehicle

ahead passes a stationary marker

such as a sign or light pole.

2. Count the seconds it takes you

to reach the same marker:

“One-thousand- one, one-thousand-

two, one-thousand-three,

one-thousand-four.”

3. If you pass the stationary marker

before counting to one-thousand-

four, you are following too closely.

4. Reduce speed and then count

again at another stationary point.

Repeat until you are following no

closer than four-seconds.

Increase your following distance in these

situations:

◆ Rain or when roads are wet.

◆ Low visibility—dusk, dawn,

nighttime, fog, etc.

◆ When being passed (more space in

front of your vehicle so the pass

can be completed safely).

◆ Carrying a heavy load or pulling a

trailer. (The extra weight makes it

more diicult to stop quickly/steer

correctly.)

◆ When stopped behind another

vehicle on an incline; it may roll

back before moving forward.

��

◆ When following:

◆ Motorcycles. The chances of a

motorcyclist falling are greater

on wet or gravel roads, or metal

surfaces such as bridges. You

will need extra stopping/

steering distance to avoid

hitting the motorcycle/rider.

◆ Emergency vehicles. It's against

the law to follow a fire truck

responding to an emergency

closer than 500 feet.

◆ Vehicles required to come to a

stop at railroad crossings, such

as city and school buses and

vehicles carrying hazardous

materials.

◆ Vehicles with a blocked rear

view. Drivers of trucks, buses,

vans, or vehicles pulling trailers

may not be able to see your

vehicle when you are directly

behind them.

If your vehicle is being followed too

closely, slow down and keep to the right.

FOLLOWING DISTANCE FOR TRUCKS

A truck or any vehicle towing another

vehicle must not follow within 300 feet

of another truck or another vehicle in

tow. This law does not apply to overtak-

ing and passing or within cities or towns.

Intersections

Many intersections are marked with stop

lines to show where you must come to a

complete stop. Aer a complete stop,

you must yield the right-of-way to traic

already in the intersection and to pedes-

trians and bicyclists. Move forward only

when the road is clear.

Always look both ways for pedestrians or

bicyclists at an intersection. Remember

to look right before making a right turn.

Vehicles proceed through the intersection

in the order they arrived; the first vehicle

to reach the intersection should move

forward first. If vehicles arrive at approxi-

mately the same time, each driver must

yield to the drivers on their right. At a

two-way stop, the turning vehicle yields

to the vehicle going straight.

Driveways

Drivers entering a road from a driveway,

alley, or roadside must yield to vehicles

already on the main road, as well as to

pedestrians and bicyclists on the side-

walk or in bike lanes.

Open Intersections

An open intersection is one without

traic control signs or signals. When you

enter an open intersection, you must

yield the right-of-way if:

◆ a vehicle is already in the

intersection;

◆ you enter or cross a state highway

from a secondary road;

◆ you enter a paved road from an

unpaved road; or

◆ you plan to make a le turn and a

vehicle is approaching from the

opposite direction.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 63

............................................................................................................

Driving safeTY

Roundabouts

A roundabout is a circular intersec-

tion with no traic signal.

◆ Roundabouts travel in a

one-way, counter-clockwise

direction.

◆ Drivers entering the round-

about must yield to traic

already in the roundabout.

◆ If there is no traic, you may

enter without yielding.

◆ Do not change lanes in the

roundabout.

◆ Do not stop in a roundabout.

◆ Signal before exiting the

roundabout.

MULTI-LANE ROUNDABOUTS.

These have the same rules as single-lane

roundabouts, however you will need to

choose the proper lane prior to entering

the roundabout. To go straight or right,

use the right lane. To go straight or le,

and to make a U-turn, use the le lane.

Prior to entering or exiting the round-

about, drivers must yield to pedestrians

in the crosswalks. Bicyclists may take

the lane in the roundabout or use the

sidewalk.

Limited Access Highways

Limited access highways—also called

expressways, interstate highways, turn-

pikes, toll roads, and freeways—are

multiple-lane roads with no stop signs,

traic lights, or railroad crossings.

Pedestrians, hitchhikers, bicycles,

animal-drawn vehicles, and motor-driven

cycles/motor scooters (with 150 cubic

centimeter displacement or less) are not

allowed on limited-access highways.

Entering & Leaving Limited

Access Highways

All limited access highway entrances have

three basic parts: an entrance ramp, an

acceleration lane, and a merging area.

WHEN ENTERING A LIMITED ACCESS

HIGHWAY:

1. On the entrance ramp, begin

checking for an opening in traic.

Signal your intent to merge onto

the highway.

2. Increase your speed as the ramp

straightens into the acceleration

lane.

3. Adjust your speed to safely merge

into traic when you reach the

end of the acceleration lane.

4. Merge into traic when you can

do so safely. You must yield the

right-of-way to traic on the

highway. Do not stop in the

acceleration lane unless traic is

too heavy and there is no space

for you to enter safely.

��

WHEN LEAVING A LIMITED ACCESS

HIGHWAY:

1. Get into the exit lane. Most exits

are from the right lane.

2. Activate your turn signal to show

your intention to exit.

3. Slow down in the deceleration

lane. Check the posted safe speed

for the exit ramp.

4. Don’t make last-minute turns into

an exit. If you pass your exit, you

must go to the next one.

LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAY SAFETY

REMINDERS

◆ Plan ahead. Know your exits. In

Florida, exits match the mile

markers on the highway.

◆ Drive in the right lane and pass on

the le. While in the right lane,

watch for cars entering the

highway. Adjust your speed or

move over so they can enter safely.

◆ Never drive across or park on the

median.

◆ Never stop on the pavement,

shoulder, or connecting ramp

except in an emergency. If your

vehicle breaks down, you must

move it completely of the pave-

ment. (No more than six hours.)

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 65

............................................................................................................

Driving safeTY

◆ Don’t follow too closely. Rear-end

collisions are the greatest danger

on limited access highways.

◆ Never back up on an entrance

ramp or exit ramp. The ONLY

exception to this is if you see a

WRONG WAY or DO NOT ENTER sign

or red reflectors on lane lines. You

must back up or turn around.

◆ Stop driving when you feel tired.

Do not risk falling asleep at the

wheel.

◆ Obey the Move Over law.

Move Over Law

The Move Over Law protects law enforce-

ment oicers, emergency workers, tow

truck drivers, sanitation workers, utility

workers and road and bridge mainte-

nance or construction vehicles displaying

warning lights stopped along roadways

while performing their jobs.

It also protects disabled motor vehicles

that are stopped and displaying warning

lights/hazard lights, using emergency

flares or signage or where one or more

persons are visibly present.

On a Multi-Lane Roadway

◆ You must vacate the lane closest to

the stationary law enforcement,

emergency vehicle, tow truck,

sanitation, or utility vehicle. (Signal

your intention to change lanes.)

◆ If you cannot move over safely, you

must slow down to a speed of 20

MPH below the posted speed limit.

◆ Drivers who are not in the lane

closest to the stationary vehicle

should be prepared to allow those

who are about to move over into

their lane.

On a Two-Lane Roadway

◆ You must slow down to 20 MPH

below the posted speed limit.

◆ If the speed limit is 20 MPH or less,

you must travel at 5 MPH.

Parking

When parking on a public road, move as

far away from traic as possible. If there

is a roadside shoulder, pull as far onto it

as you can.

Always park on the right side of the road,

unless it is a one-way street. Park paral-

lel to the curb in the direction of traic,

with right-hand wheels parallel to and

within 12 inches of the curb or side of

roadway. Set the parking brake and shi

to Park (automatic transmission) or

Reverse (manual transmission). Turn o

the engine and lock the vehicle. Florida

law requires that you take the keys out

of your vehicle before leaving it.

Always check traic around you before

getting out of a vehicle so you do not open

your door into a bicyclist or another

vehicle.

Before you drive from a parked position,

make sure the roadway is clear. Give the

proper turn signal and yield to other

traic before pulling away from the curb.

Parking on Hills

1. Turn your wheels so that if your

car starts to move, it will roll away

from traic or into the curb.

2. Set the parking brake.

3. Automatic transmission: put gear

shi in Park. Manual transmission:

shi to Reverse (downhill) or First

(uphill).

4. Turn vehicle o.

��

Straight-in Parking

When properly parked, the vehicle

should be centered inside the space with

no part of the vehicle extending into the

traic lane.

It’s Against the Law to Park

◆ On crosswalks

◆ On sidewalks

◆ In bicycle lanes

◆ In intersections

◆ On bridges

◆ On overpasses

◆ In tunnels

◆ In front of driveways

◆ By yellow painted curbs

◆ In NO PARKING or DISABLED

PERMIT ONLY zones

◆ On the roadway side of another

parked vehicle (double parking)

◆ On highway pavement not marked

for parking

◆ Anywhere that blocks or creates a

hazard for other vehicles

◆ Or within:

◆ 15 feet of a fire hydrant.

◆ 20 feet of an intersection.

◆ 20 feet of the entrance to a fire,

ambulance, or rescue station.

◆ 30 feet of a rural mailbox on a

state highway (8 am–6 pm).

◆ 30 feet of any flashing signal,

stop sign, or traic signal.

◆ 50 feet of a railroad crossing.

Downhill

Turn wheels to curb.

Uphill with Curb

Turn wheels away from curb.

Uphill without Curb

Turn wheels to the right.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 67

............................................................................................................

Driving safeTY

Passing

1. You must activate your signal

before moving into the le lane to

let others know that you are

about to change lanes to pass.

2. Stay a safe distance behind the

vehicle you want to pass. The

closer you get, the less you can

see ahead.

3. Before you pull out to pass, check

blind spots and make sure you

have plenty of time and room to

pass.

4. Tap your horn (day) or flash your

headlights (night) to let the other

driver know you are passing.

5. Do not return to the right side of

the road until you can see the

tires of the vehicle you passed in

your rear-view mirror. Signal

when you are about to return to

your lane.

6. You must return to the right side

of the road before coming within

200 feet of any approaching

vehicle.

Do not attempt to pass more than one

vehicle at a time. Passing multiple vehi-

cles is dangerous.

Stay within the speed limit. It’s illegal to

exceed the speed limit while passing.

You Must Not Pass:

◆ where there is a single or double-

sided solid line dividing lanes;

◆ when the double-sided yellow line

is solid in your lane;

◆ in Do Not Pass and No Passing

zones;

◆ on hills or curves where you can’t

see at least 500 feet ahead;

◆ within 100 feet of an intersection,

bridge, viaduct, tunnel, or railroad

crossing;

◆ when a school bus is stopped and

has its warning flashers on and

stop sign extended; and

◆ at crosswalks where a vehicle has

stopped to allow a pedestrian to

cross.

Being Passed

Do not increase your speed when you

are being passed. Move to the right side

of your lane to give passing drivers more

room and a better view of the road

ahead.

*Florida Law states that a driver must

move out of the le lane when being

overtaken from behind by another

vehicle traveling at a faster speed.

Passing on the Right

Passing on the right is only legal when

there are two or more traic lanes mov-

ing in the same direction or the vehicle

you are passing is making a le turn.

Stay a safe distance behind the vehicle you want to pass. The closer you get, the less you can see.

��

Right-of-Way

Right-of-way rules tell you who goes first

and who must wait in dierent condi-

tions. The law says who must yield (give

up) the right-of-way.

Every driver, motorcyclist, moped

rider, pedestrian, and bicyclist must

do everything possible to avoid a

crash.

Speed Limits

Speed limits show the fastest speed you

may drive under favorable conditions.

You are responsible for adjusting your

driving speed to the weather, roadway,

and traic conditions. For example,

during a storm, you should drive slower

than the posted speed limit. The safest

speed is the one that allows you to

have complete control of your vehicle

and avoid collisions.

Obeying the speed limit reduces the

probability and severity of crashes. The

faster you drive, the greater the impact or

striking power of your vehicle:

◆ When you double the speed of a

car, you increase its force of impact

four times.

◆ When you triple the speed of a car,

you increase its force of impact

nine times.

Speeding is against the law. You must

obey the speed limit and you are respon-

sible for knowing the speed limit when

you are driving. Observe and obey

posted speed limit signs.

The “speeding buer” is a myth. You

are not allowed to drive up to 10

MPH over the speed limit and may

receive a citation for speeding.

Florida Standard Speed Limits

◆ School Zones: 20 MPH

◆ Municipal, Business, or Residential

Area: 30 MPH*

◆ Streets and Highways: 55 MPH*

◆ Limited Access Highways: 70 MPH

*Maximum speed except where otherwise posted.

Driving too slowly is also against Florida

law. You must not drive so slowly that

you block or delay traic moving at

normal, safe speeds. You should drive

with the flow of traic, within the speed

limit. When driving slower than the flow

of traic, keep right so others may safely

pass. On highways, when the posted

speed limit is 70 MPH, the minimum

speed limit is 50 MPH.

Stopping

Stopping suddenly is dangerous and can

be caused by not paying attention to the

traic flow or following others too

closely. Sudden stops make it diicult

for drivers behind you to avoid a rear-

end collision.

To ensure you are stopping smoothly:

◆ Check all mirrors and blind spots

for traic to the rear.

◆ Release the accelerator to allow

the vehicle to slow. Press the brake

pedal to activate brake lights and

use a steady pressure.

Traic Lanes

◆ On a two-lane highway you must

always drive in the right lane

unless you are overtaking and

passing (where permitted).

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 69

............................................................................................................

Driving safeTY

◆ If the road has four or more lanes

with two-way traic, drive in the

right lanes except when overtaking

and passing.

◆ The center lane of a three-lane or

five-lane highway is used only for

turning le.

HOV Lanes

Some highways reserve the le lane for

vehicles with two or more occupants or

hybrid/low emission vehicles (LEV). LEVs

require a decal and completion of

FLHSMV Form 83027. High Occupancy

Vehicle (HOV) lanes are identified by

signs/diamond pavement symbols, and

are separated by a striped buer zone.

Vehicles may enter and exit the HOV lane

only at designated points.

Red Reflectors on Lane Lines

Red reflectors on lane lines always mean

you are facing traic the wrong way and

could have a head-on collision.

◆ If you see red reflectors facing

you on the lane lines, you are on

the wrong side of the road. Turn

around or get into the proper lane

immediately!

◆ If you see red reflectors on the

edge lines of the road, you are

going the wrong way on an

entrance or exit ramp. Pull over

immediately! Turn around when it

is safe to do so.

Turning

◆ You must use vehicle directional

signals or hand signals to show

other drivers that you are turning.

◆ Turn signals are required by law

when changing lanes or overtaking

a vehicle.

◆ You must give a turn signal at least

100 feet BEFORE making your turn.

◆ It's against the law to use your

directional signals to tell drivers

behind you that they can pass.

◆ Hand signals must be given from

the le side of the vehicle.

* Note: Bicyclists may extend right hand and arm

horizontally from right side of bicycle for right

turn.

Turning a corner may seem to be a simple

task, but many traic crashes are caused

by drivers who do not turn correctly.

1. Slow down to a safe turning

speed.

2. Move into the correct lane as you

near the intersection.

3. Activate your turn signal at least

100 feet before making your turn.

Allow time for drivers around you

to see your signal before you

move.

4. Obey any NO TURN ON RED or

STOP HERE signs.

ARRIVE ALIVE

Lef t Turn Right Turn Slow or Stop

��

5. Yield to bicyclists when crossing a bike lane and to pedestrians who may be

crossing your path.

6. Stay in the proper lane during your turn. Yield the right-of-way to vehicles and

bicycles coming from the opposite direction.

7. Finish your turn in the proper lane. Turn right into the right lane of the

roadway entered. A le turn may be completed in any lane lawfully available—

or safe—for the desired direction of travel.

Never make last minute turns. If you reach an intersection where you wish to turn

and are not in the proper lane, drive to the next intersection and then make the turn

from the proper lane.

Three-Point Turns

Sometimes you will need to turn around

in a very small space. Use a three-point

turn only if the road is too narrow for a

U-turn and you can’t go around the block.

To make a three-point turn:

1. Move as far right as possible, check

traic, and signal a le turn. Turn

the steering wheel sharply to the

le and move forward slowly. Stop

at the curb.

2. Shi to reverse, turn your wheels

sharply to the right, check traic,

and back your vehicle to the right

curb.

3. Shi the vehicle into drive and pull

forward carefully.

Never make a three-point turn or a U-turn

on a curve, a hill, the highway, or where

there is a sign that prohibits U-turns.

1

2

3

4

Three Point Turn

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 71

SPECIAL DRIVING SITUATIONS

Animals

There may be times when an animal suddenly runs in front of your vehicle. Do not

swerve into oncoming traic or o the roadway to avoid hitting the animal. This can

result in a more serious crash than if your vehicle collided with the animal.

To reduce your chances of colliding with an animal:

◆ Use caution when driving at dawn and dusk; this is when animals are most

active.

◆ Be extra alert when driving on roadways marked with animal crossing signs

and near woods and water.

◆ Scan the sides of the road and watch for the reflection of your headlights in the

eyes of animals.

◆ Deer/vehicle crashes occur most oen from October to December.

If an animal is present:

◆ Slow down when approaching animals that are standing near the roadway,

they may bolt out or change direction.

◆ Flash your headlights to warn other drivers when animals are spotted on or

near the road.

◆ If you have time to avoid hitting an animal, reduce your speed, tap your brakes,

and sound your horn. Deer tend to fixate on headlights so flashing them may

cause the animal to freeze. If there are no vehicles close behind you, brake hard

without locking your wheels.

◆ If collision is inevitable, do not swerve to avoid the animal. Keep your vehicle

under control and on the roadway.

◆ Report the crash to the law enforcement if it involves a large animal such as a

bear, deer, or farm animal.

Low Visibility

Smoke from wildfires and controlled burning, fog and heavy rain will aect your

ability to see. When driving in low visibility conditions:

◆ You must turn on your headlights. Parking lights are not a substitute.

◆ Drive with lights on low beam. High beams will reflect o the fog and impair

visibility even more.

◆ Turn on your headlights when you turn on your windshield wipers.

◆ Use wipers and defrosters for maximum visibility. Sometimes it's diicult to

determine if poor visibility is due to fog or moisture on the windshield.

◆ Use the right edge of the road or edge lines and center lines as visual guides.

��

◆ Eliminate all distractions in your vehicle. Turn of the radio, cell phone, etc.

◆ Watch out for slow-moving and parked vehicles.

◆ Keep your windshield and head- lights clean to reduce glare and increase

visibility.

Rain

When you turn on your windshield wipers, turn on your headlights.

Slow down! Roads become slick during rainstorms and especially if it has not rained

in a while (oil build-up on the highway). Wet road conditions will increase your brak-

ing/stopping distance, so be sure to increase your following distance.

Hydroplaning happens when your vehicle slides on top of a thin layer of water

between your tires and the road. When your tires are not touching the road, you can

easily lose control and skid. Tires with low air pressure or bad tread increase the risk

of hydroplaning (see page 79)—and so does speeding.

Brakes oen become wet aer driving in heavy rain. They may pull to one side or the

o

ther, or they may not hold at all. If this happens, slow down and gently push on the

brake pedal until your brakes are working again.

If you come to a flooded roadway, turn around and find another route. Do not

attempt to drive through the water! It's impossible to determine the depth or

current and your vehicle could become submerged or swept away.

Night Driving

High beam headlights can reveal objects up to a distance of at least 450 feet and are most effective for speeds

faster than 25 MPH.

At night, glare from oncoming cars can reduce your vision.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 73

......................................................................................

sPeciaL Driving siTuaTions

You will need to drive with extra care at night. You can’t see as far ahead and the glare

from oncoming traic can reduce your vision even more. Florida law says you must:

◆ Use headlights between the hours of sunset and sunrise.

◆ Not use high beam headlights within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle; use low

beam headlights.

◆ Not use high beam headlights within 300 feet of the vehicle ahead of you; use

low beam headlights.

◆ Not drive using only parking lights in place of headlights.

◆ Turn on your parking lights at night when parking on a roadway or shoulder

outside of cities and towns.

Guidelines for driving at night:

◆ Avoid “over driving” your lights (driving too fast for what you can see).

◆ High beam headlights can reveal objects up to a distance of 450 feet and are

most eective for speeds faster than 25 MPH.

◆ When leaving a brightly lit area, drive slowly until your eyes adjust to the

darkness.

◆ Don’t look directly at oncoming headlights. Use lane lines as visual guides and

look quickly to check the other vehicle’s position every few seconds.

◆ Drive as far to the right as you can if a vehicle with one light comes toward you;

it could be a vehicle with a missing headlight.

Would law enforcement know

WHO TO CALL?

Register today with Florida’s Emergency Contact

Information (ECI) system. It’s free, quick and easy!

ECI allows law enforcement to contact designated

family or friends in an emergency situation. The system

is securely maintained by the Florida Department of

Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles and can be accessed

by law enforcement only in the event of an emergency.

Floridians with a valid driver license or ID card may enter

up to two emergency contacts. Residents can register or

update their ECI free of charge at flhsmv.gov/eci and in

local driver license office

statewide.

Has your information changed?

Go online and update your ECI to ensure that someone is

there for you when you need them.

For more information regarding this and other services

provided by FLHSMV, visit flhsmv.gov.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 75

HANDLING EMERGENCIES

Defensive Driving

Defensive driving is using safe driving strategies to prevent crashes. This means that

you alter your driving to fit the weather conditions, the way you feel, and the actions

of other motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians. Follow these steps to avoid crashes:

1. Look for possible danger. For example, if you see school zone signs, plan

what you will do if a child runs or rides into the street.

2. Anticipate what another driver might do and make appropriate adjust-

ments. For example, you’ve noticed someone aggressively changing lanes as

they approach you from the rear. You should anticipate that they will probably

pass you and cut you o—slow down and be ready to brake, if necessary.

3. Use extra caution when approaching an intersection. Crashes happen at

intersections more than any other place.

4. If a crash is unavoidable:

◆ It's better to swerve o the road than into oncoming traic.

◆ It's better to drive o the road than to skid o the road.

◆ It is better to hit something that is not moving instead of a vehicle moving

toward you.

◆ Hitting a vehicle moving in the same direction as you is better than hitting a

vehicle head-on.

◆ Hitting a “so object” like a garden hedge is better than hitting a solid

object like a tree or post.

Interacting with Law Enforcement

Law enforcement is responsible for conducting traic stops when they have reason-

able suspicion of a traic violation or a criminal violation. A traic stop can be a

stressful experience for the driver, any passengers, and for the oicer too. Knowing

what to do during the stop will help ensure your safety and the safety of others.

When you see emergency lights behind you, it's important for you and your passen-

gers to stay calm and cooperate.

Remember to:

1. Activate your turn signal and pull o or to the side of the roadway as soon as it

is safe to do so.

2. Turn o your engine and any audio devices.

3. Stay in your vehicle unless directed by the oicer to exit.

4. Keep your hands on the steering wheel or in a visible location so they are

easily observable.

��

5. Turn on your interior lights if you

are pulled over at night to assist

with visibility. Oicers may use a

spotlight for additional visibility.

During the day, if you have tinted

windows, roll down all windows.

6. Follow all instructions the oicer

gives you or your passengers.

The oicer may approach either side of

the vehicle. When the oicer approaches

the vehicle, remember to:

1. Lower the corresponding window

so you and the oicer can better

communicate.

2. Let the oicer know if you have a

weapon in the vehicle upon first

contact.

3. Wait for the oicer’s instructions

before reaching for your driver’s

license or vehicle documents.

When conducting the stop, the oicer

will typically:

◆ Show their law enforcement

credentials if they are not in

uniform. If they do not show their

credentials, you may ask to see

them.

◆ Explain why you were stopped/ask

questions about your trip.

◆ Ask for your driver’s license, proof

of insurance, and vehicle registra-

tion. If the documents are out of

your reach, tell the oicer where

they are and wait for the oicer’s

acknowledgment before reaching

to retrieve the documents.

In some cases, the oicer may:

◆ Ask you to exit the vehicle. In this

case, keep your hands visible, exit

the vehicle, and stand in a location

as directed by the oicer.

◆ Impose a sanction such as a

warning, traic ticket which may

include a fine, or arrest. The oicer

will typically explain whatever

action is being taken. If they do

not, you may ask them to do so.

If you have questions, respectfully ask

the oicer to clarify. If you disagree with

the oicer’s decision or course of action,

do not prolong the contact by arguing

with the oicer. Rather, you may seek to

contest the decision in court through

established legal channels. Your accep-

tance and signature on a traic ticket is

not an admission of guilt. However, the

refusal to sign a traic ticket may result

in your arrest.

If you believe the oicer acted inappro-

priately or have questions regarding

their conduct you may request to speak

to a supervisor. This is best done as soon

as possible aer the stop.

Following these procedures can help

make a traic stop a safe experience for

all parties involved.

Additional information is available

online at: www.aamva.org/law-

enforcement/what-to-do-when-stopped-

by-law-enforcement.

* This guidance was approved by the American

Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators, the

International Association of Chiefs of Police, the

National Organization of Black Law Enforcement

Executives and the National Sheriffs’ Association.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 77

.............................................................................................

hanDLing emergencies

Your Responsibilities Aer

a Crash

If you are involved in a crash that results

in death, injury or property damage, it's

your duty—required by law—to give

information and render aid. Always

remain calm.

1. Stop and call 911, *FHP (*347),

or local law enforcement.

2. Turn on hazard lights.

3. If anyone is hurt, you must get

help immediately!

4. If the crash is minor and your

vehicle is blocking the flow of

traic, you must move it or have it

moved.

5. Exchange vehicle, witness,

and driver information (name,

address, phone number, license

plate number, driver license and

insurance).

6. Take photos or sketch the scene,

showing vehicle crash locations.

A law enforcement oicer will complete

a written report if the crash involves a

charge of DUI or results in death, injury,

or property damage to the extent a

vehicle must be towed.

If the crash results in vehicle or property

damage and does not require a law

enforcement report, you must make a

written report of the crash to FLHSMV

within 10 days. (This can be done at

flhsmv.gov.)

If you are in a crash with an unattended

vehicle or other property, you must make

every attempt to locate the owner and

notify law enforcement. If you can’t

locate the property owner, you must

leave a note including your name, contact

information, and license plate (registra-

tion) number.

Stay at the Scene

It is against the law to leave the scene of

a crash involving death, injury or prop-

erty damage.

HIT AND RUN PENALTIES

If you leave the scene and it results in:

◆ Death: 1st degree felony, minimum

4-year prison term.

◆ Serious bodily injury: 2nd degree

felony.

◆ Injury: 3rd degree felony.

All of the above include losing your

driver license for 3 years minimum.

Damage to a vehicle or other property

which is driven or attended by any per-

son is a 2nd degree misdemeanor.

First Aid

If you come upon a crash, call 911 or *FHP

(*347) and/or send someone for help.

Don’t assume someone else has called;

it’s better for emergency services to get

multiple calls rather than none at all.

Do not put yourself in danger! Pull as far

of the road as possible and turn your

hazard lights on to alert others. Be

careful when exiting your vehicle and

stay out of traic.

��

If someone is injured, apply first aid.

However, don’t move an injured person

who may have a neck or spinal injury.

Don’t attempt to remove the helmet of

an injured motorcycle or bicycle rider.

Treat For Shock

Persons who have been injured may go

into shock. When someone is in shock, all

body functions slow down. Shock can be

very serious and can cause death. Treat

the injured for shock regardless of whether

or not they appear to be in shock:

◆ Keep the injured person calm.

◆ Don’t give them anything to drink.

◆ Have the person lie flat and elevate

their legs.

◆ Cover the person with blankets to

hold body heat.

◆ Maintain an open airway.

Emergency Scenarios

Avoiding Rear-End Collisions

To avoid striking the vehicle in front of

you, keep at least four seconds following

distance and increase following distance

during unfavorable weather or heavy

traic. To lower the risk of someone

running into the rear of your vehicle:

◆ Check brake lights to make sure

they’re clean and working properly.

◆ Know what is going on around you.

Use the rear-view and side mirrors.

◆ Signal well in advance for turns,

stops, and lane changes.

◆ Avoid sudden stops; slow down

gradually and smoothly.

◆ Drive with the flow of traic (within

the speed limit). Driving too slowly

can be dangerous.

Breakdowns/Disabled Vehicles

1. You must move the vehicle so all

four wheels are out of traic lanes

as soon as possible. If you can’t

move it, you must have it moved

as soon as possible.

2. If possible, park where the

disabled vehicle can be seen for

200 feet in each direction.

3. Turn on your hazard lights.

4. Get all passengers out of the car

on the side away from traic.

5. Call *FHP (*347) or law enforce-

ment for assistance.

Emergency Braking

To stop in an emergency situation where

traction is lost, drivers with conventional

brakes should pump the brakes. Drivers

with anti-lock brakes (ABS) must press

down hard on the brake pedal, hold it,

and steer out of danger. If the driver with

ABS removes steady pressure from the

brake pedal or pumps the brakes, the

ABS will disengage or turn o.

Vehicles with:

◆ Four-wheel ABS (passenger cars

and some light trucks). Brake hard,

steer, and keep constant pressure

on the brake pedal.

◆ Rear-wheel ABS (on some light

trucks). ABS prevents the rear

wheels from locking up so that the

back end of the vehicle does not

skid. The front wheels can still lock

up and cause the driver to lose

steering control. If this happens,

let up on the brake pedal just

enough to allow the front wheels

to start rolling again to regain

control.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 79

.............................................................................................

hanDLing emergencies

Fire

1. Exit the vehicle.

2. Call 911 for assistance.

3. Attempt to extinguish the fire only

if you have a portable extinguish-

er and the fire is small. NEVER

apply water to a gasoline or

diesel fire.

4. If you can’t extinguish the fire,

get away from the vehicle! The

fumes are toxic and an explosion

is possible.

Jammed Gas Pedal

1. Take your foot of the gas pedal.

2. Press the clutch (manual trans-

mission) or shi into neutral

(automatic transmission).

3. If necessary, press—don’t slam—

brakes to slow the vehicle.*

4. Carefully steer to a safe place to

stop.

* Do not shut off engine unless #1 and #2 do not

work to slow the vehicle. If you shut off your

engine, you will lose the ability to steer the car.

Overcorrection

Overcorrection is excessive steering in

reaction to an event or loss of control of

a vehicle. It typically occurs when a

motorist steers too sharply in an eort

to avoid a collision or driving o of the

roadway. It can result in a rollover crash

or steering into oncoming traic. Avoid

overcorrecting! If you find yourself

unintentionally leaving the roadway:

1. Stay calm.

2. Hold the wheel firmly.

3. Take your foot o the gas and do

not slam on the brakes.

4. Steer the car where desired.

5. If necessary, steer the car to a safe

place and stop.

Power Outage

In circumstances where the power is out

and traic signals are not active, treat

intersections as a four-way stop:

◆ Vehicles move through the inter-

section in the order they arrived

(first to arrive is first to move

forward).

◆ If multiple vehicles arrive at the

same time, the driver on the le

yields to the driver on the right.

Right Wheels Off Pavement

1. Take your foot of the gas pedal.

2. Hold the wheel firmly and steer in

a straight line.

3. Brake lightly.

4. Wait until the road is clear. Turn

back on the pavement at a slow

speed (signal your intention).

Skidding/Hydroplaning

1. Take your foot o the gas pedal.

2. Do not use your brakes, if possible.

3. Turn the vehicle’s front tires in the

direction you want to go (steer in

the direction of the skid).

4. If you are about to hit something,

see Emergency Braking on page

78.

Stalled on Railroad Tracks

If your car stalls on the railroad tracks,

get everyone out immediately and get

away from the car!

If you are stalled at a railroad crossing

and the warning lights begin to flash, 20

seconds is the minimal amount of time

��

that it takes a train to reach the grade

aer the warning lights begin flashing.

If a train is coming, run in a 45-degree

angle away from the tracks, but in a

direction toward the train; you will be

less likely to be hit by your vehicle or

debris from the collision. Call 911 or

*FHP (*347).

EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM

(ENS)

There is a blue ENS sign installed at every

highway-rail grade crossing. This sign

provides critical emergency contact

information to reach the railroad respon-

sible if there is a problem at the crossing

or if something is blocking the tracks.

Submerged Vehicle

If you crash into a pond, river, or other

body of water, your vehicle will only float

on the surface for 30–60 seconds. Get

out of the vehicle immediately— do NOT

call 911 until you are out of the vehicle!

1. Unbuckle your safety belt.

2. Roll the window down before the

car sinks. If you are able to open

the door, be aware that the car

will immediately fill with water.

3. If you are unable to roll the

window down, try to kick out a

side window.

There are many types of “escape tools”

available that will quickly break a win-

dow. If you keep one of these in your

vehicle, be sure it is within reach in case

of an emergency.

Tire Blowout

1. Take your foot o the gas. Do not

use the brakes.

2. Concentrate on steering.

3. Slow down gradually.

4. Brake soly when the car is under

control.

5. Pull completely o the pavement/

roadway.

Vehicle Approaching in Your

Lane

1. Sound horn and flash high beams.

2. Brake hard.

3. Steer to the side of the road.

Wet Brakes

1. Test brakes lightly.

2. Brakes may pull to one side or

may not hold at all.

3. Dry brakes by driving slowly in

low gear and applying brakes.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 81

SHARING THE ROAD

Bicyclists

In Florida, the bicycle is legally defined as a vehicle and has all of the privileges,

rights, and responsibilities on public roads (except limited access highways) that a

motor vehicle operator does.

Bicyclists may ride out of the bike lane into the travel lane for their own safety due

to: narrow roads, to avoid obstacles or pavement hazards, or to prepare for a le

turn. A bicyclist may use the full lane even while traveling below the speed of traic if

the lane is too narrow for both a car and bicycle to share.

Bicyclists may also ride on sidewalks, but they must yield to pedestrians on side-

walks and in crosswalks.

Rules for Motorists

1. Florida law requires that you give bicyclists a minimum of three feet of

clearance and use caution/slow speed when driving next to or passing

them.

2. On a two-lane road, pass a bicyclist as you would a slow-moving vehicle, and

only when it is safe to do so.

3. At intersections, assume bicyclists are traveling straight unless they signal

otherwise. Yield to bicycles as you would to any other vehicle.

4. When you must cross into a bike lane to make a turn, yield to any bicyclist and

make your turn behind the bicyclist.

5. Do not follow a bicyclist too closely.

6. At night, avoid using high beam headlights when a bicyclist is approaching.

7. Before opening a car door, check for bicyclists who may be approaching from

behind.

8. Avoid honking your horn and startling a bicyclist.

Rules for Bicyclists

1. Bicyclists must obey all traic controls and signals.

2. If bicyclists are not traveling at the speed of other traic, they must use the

bike lane. If no bike lane is available, they must stay on the right-most side of

the road.

3. Bicyclists may use the full lane when making a le turn, passing, avoiding

hazards, or when a lane is too narrow for them and a car to share it safely.

4. When operating a bicycle on a one-way street with two or more traic lanes,

bicyclists may ride on the le-hand side of the road.

5. Bicyclists must use directional hand signals (see page 69) to show other

drivers that they are about to turn.

��

6. Bicyclists must never attach

themselves or their bike to any

vehicle on the roadway.

7. Whether riding on a sidewalk or

crosswalk, bicyclists have all the

rights and duties of a pedestrian.

However, they must yield right-of-

way to pedestrians and must give

an audible signal before passing.

8. Between sunset and sunrise,

bicyclists must have a white light

visible from 500 feet on the front

of their bicycle and a red reflector

and a red light visible from 600

feet on the rear.

9. Bicyclists must have brakes which

can stop their bike within 25 feet

from a speed of 10 MPH.

10. All bicyclists and passengers

under age 16 are required to wear

helmets that meet federal safety

standards.

11. If transporting a child under age

four or who weighs 40 pounds or

less, bicyclists must use a back-

pack/sling, child seat, or trailer

designed to carry children.

12. Bicyclists must not leave a child

in a seat or carrier when they are

not in immediate control of the

bicycle.

13. If riding with others, bicyclists

may not ride more than two

side-by-side unless it is a path or

part of a roadway reserved for

bicycles. They must ride single file

if they are impeding traic.

14. Bicyclists must not wear head-

phones/earbuds in both ears

while bicycling on the roadway.

15. Do not ride a bicycle when under

the influence of alcohol or drugs.

Bicyclist Safety Tips

◆ No matter your age, wear a helmet.

◆ Keep both hands on the

handlebars.

◆ On the roadway, check behind you

before changing lanes or moving

notably within the lane.

◆ Be seen. Wear neon/fluorescent

colors when riding and something

reflective.

◆ Don’t text while biking.

Commercial Motor

Vehicles

Sharing the road with commercial motor

vehicles (CMVs) such as semi-trucks or

travel buses means abiding by dierent

rules and safety strategies.

Rules for Motorists

1. Stay out of the “No Zone.” CMVs

have large blind spots in front,

behind, and on both sides of the

vehicle. Even though CMVs have

several rear-view mirrors, other

vehicles will be hidden from view if

within the “No Zone”/blind spot.

2. Don’t tailgate; you’ll be in the rear

blind spot and may collide with

the CMV if it stops unexpectedly.

3. If you are stopped behind a CMV

on an upgrade, leave space in

case the CMV dris back when it

starts to move. Keep to the le in

your lane so the driver can see

your vehicle.

4. Don’t use high beam headlights

when following a CMV at night.

Bright lights will blind the driver

when they reflect of the CMV’s

large side mirrors.

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5. When a CMV is coming from the

opposite direction, keep to the

right to avoid a sideswipe crash.

6. CMVs oen need to swing wide to

the le in order to make a right

turn. Do not drive between the

CMV and the curb—they will not

be able to see you.

7. Never cross behind a CMV that is

preparing to back up or that is

backing up. The size of most CMVs

and trailers completely hide

objects behind them from view.

Passing Commercial Vehicles

◆ When passing a CMV, check to your

front and rear, and move into the

passing lane only if it is clear and

safe to pass. You must signal that

you are changing lanes, and let the

CMV driver know you are passing

by blinking your headlights.

◆ Pass CMVs on the le side for

maximum visibility. Complete your

pass as quickly as possible so that

you do not remain in the CMV’s

blind spot.

◆ Avoid cutting in too soon when

passing a CMV. Large CMVs can’t

stop as quickly as other vehicles.

Be sure you can see the cab in your

rear-view mirror before completing

your pass. (CMV drivers may flash

headlights to let you know it is OK

to merge back into the lane.)

◆ Avoid passing a CMV on a down-

grade; its weight and momentum

will cause it to increase speed.

◆ When a CMV passes you, keep to

the right side of your lane. Do not

speed up while the CMV is passing.

Emergency Vehicles

Motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians

must yield the right-of-way to law

enforcement vehicles, fire engines, and

other emergency vehicles using sirens or

flashing lights. Pull over to the closest

edge of the roadway immediately and

stop until the emergency vehicle has

passed. Do not block intersections.

Funeral Processions

Motorists, bicyclists, and pedestrians

must yield the right-of-way to funeral

processions. When the funeral lead vehi-

cle enters an intersection, the remaining

vehicles in the funeral procession may

follow through the intersection regard-

less of any traic control devices. All

vehicles in the procession should have

their headlights on or may use flashing

hazard lights as a signal to others not to

drive between the funeral procession.

No Zones

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 85

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Golf Carts

You may only drive a golf cart on golf

courses or roadways that are designated

for golf carts. These roads will be marked

with appropriate signs.

◆ A golf cart must not be driven on

a public road or street by anyone

under the age of 18 unless they

possess a valid learner's license or

valid driver license. Drivers 18 years

old or older must possesses a valid

form of government-issued photo-

graphic identification.

◆ Golf carts may not be operated AT

ALL unless allowed by the specific

county or city.

◆ A golf cart must only be operated

during the hours between sunrise

and sunset, unless the local govern-

ment permits driving outside of

those hours (additional equipment

is required for night driving.)

◆ You may cross state roads if the

posted speed limit is 45 MPH or

less and only at an intersection

with a traic control device.

◆ You can drive a golf cart on a

sidewalk only if it is at least 5 feet

wide. You must yield to pedestrians.

◆ All local and state traic laws must

be obeyed, including yielding the

right-of-way.

Required Golf Cart Equipment

◆ Eicient brakes

◆ Rear-view mirror

◆ Reliable steering

◆ Front and rear red warning

reflectors

◆ Safe tires

Child passenger safety seats should

not be used on golf carts or other

low speed vehicles (LSVs). Car seats

are not crash tested for LSVs and

may not perform as designed. Refer

to the specific car seat manufacturer

for more information.

REQUIRED FOR NIGHT DRIVING

◆ Headlights

◆ Brake lights

◆ Turn signals

◆ Windshield

Low-Speed Vehicles

Low-speed vehicles (LSV) are four-

wheeled vehicles with top speeds of

21–25 MPH. Golf carts can be converted

to low-speed vehicles. You must have a

valid driver license to operate an LSV,

and the LSV must:

◆ only be operated on streets with a

posted speed limit is 35 MPH or less.

◆ be equipped with headlamps, stop

lamps, turn signals, tail lamps,

reflectors, parking brakes, rear-view

mirrors, a wind shield, safety belts,

and a vehicle identification number.

◆ be registered and properly insured

(see page 23 and page 37).

Motorcycles and Mopeds

Motorcycle and moped drivers have the

same rights and duties as drivers of

motor vehicles. Riders committing traic

violations may receive citations.

Rules for Motorists

◆ You must not attempt to share a lane

with a motorcycle. The motorcyclist

is entitled to the entire lane.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 87

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◆ Watch for motorcycles and look

carefully before pulling into an

intersection or changing lanes.

◆ It is diicult to gauge the speed of a

motorcycle because they take up

less field of vision which interferes

with depth perception. They may

appear to be much farther away

than they really are.

◆ Do not follow too closely behind

a motorcycle because they have

the ability to stop more quickly

than other vehicles.

◆ Motorcyclists oen slow down

by down-shiing or rolling of the

throttle, thus not activating the

brake light.

◆ Never pass a motorcyclist with only

a few feet of space. The wind gust

force can cause the rider to lose

control.

◆ When your vehicle is being passed

by a motorcycle, maintain your

lane position. Do not speed up.

◆ Maintain more than a four-second

buer zone between you and a

motorcyclist, and increase space

when there is: inclement weather,

gusty winds, wet or icy roads, bad

road conditions such as potholes,

gravel roads, and railroad crossings.

◆ Use your turn signals prior to

changing lanes! This is one of the

most important actions you can do

to help motorcyclists stay safe.

Advance Driver Assistance Systems

(ADAS) safety features may not

detect motorcyclists or motorcycles.

Be aware of your surroundings at all

times and follow the tips above!

Rules for Motorcycle/Moped

Riders

◆ You must be 16 years of age or

older to operate a motorcycle or

moped on a public road.

◆ If under 18, you must hold a

learner’s license for 12 months

with no moving violation convic-

tions prior to the issuance of a

Motorcycle Only license.

◆ Operators of motorcycles must

complete an approved motorcycle

safety course and get a motorcycle

endorsement on their driver license

or a Motorcycle Only license.

◆ Operators of mopeds must have a

Class E driver license. A motorcycle

endorsement is not required.

◆ Operators of motorcycles must

wear a helmet unless they are 21

or older AND carry a medical

insurance policy providing for at

least $10,000 in medical benefits

for injuries.

◆ Operators of motorcycles and

mopeds do not have to carry

Personal Injury Protection (PIP)

insurance.

◆ Motorcycles and mopeds:

◆ must be registered annually

and have the proper tag; and

◆ must not be operated on

bicycle paths or foot paths.

Pedestrians

It is the motorist’s responsibility to do

everything possible to avoid colliding

with a pedestrian. When in a crosswalk

or driveway, bicyclists, skaterboarders,

and skaters are considered pedestrians.

��

Rules for Motorists

1. You must stop and remain

stopped for pedestrians crossing

a street or driveway at any marked

crossing, or intersection.

2. When entering or leaving an alley,

driveway, or private road, you

must stop for pedestrians on the

sidewalk.

3. Never block the crosswalk when

stopped at a red light. Do not stop

with any portion of your vehicle

overhanging the crosswalk.

4. You may not overtake or pass a

vehicle that's stopped at a cross-

walk to allow a pedestrian to cross

the roadway. A driver approaching

a vehicle from the rear that is stop-

ped at a crosswalk must assume

that a pedestrian may be crossing,

even when none can be seen at

that moment.

5. Always stop before turning right

on red and look both ways for

pedestrians in the crosswalk.

6. Come to a complete stop, yield

the right-of-way, and use extra

caution when approaching:

◆ a visually impaired pedestrian

who is carrying a white cane

with a red tip or guided by a

service animal;

◆ mobility-impaired persons

(using a walker, crutch, or an

orthopedic cane or wheelchair)

and pedestrians using a guide

dog or service animal; or

◆ children or any confused or

incapacitated pedestrian.

Rules for Pedestrians

1. Pedestrians must not walk on the

roadway if a sidewalk is available.

2. When walking on a roadway

without a sidewalk, always walk

on the shoulder on the le side,

facing traic.

3. Cross the road at intersections

or designated crosswalks. Cross-

walks at intersections may be

marked or unmarked.

4. Pedestrians must yield the right-

of-way to vehicles if crossing a

roadway at any point other than

within a crosswalk.

5. Pedestrians must yield the

right-of-way to vehicles in the

crosswalk if the crosswalk signal

is red or displays DON’T WALK.

Pedestrian Safety Tips

◆ Never enter the street from be-

tween parked cars. Always use a

crosswalk.

◆ Stop at the curb or the edge of the

road if there is no curb. Look le,

then right, then le again for

moving vehicles before you step

into the street.

◆ Be seen. Wear bright, reflective,

neon colors. Carry a flashlight at

night.

◆ Don’t text while walking.

◆ Avoid wearing headphones so that

you can hear the traic around you.

Public Transit

All drivers shall yield the right-of-way to

public transit buses traveling in the

same direction that have signaled and

are reentering the traic flow from a

specifically designated pullout bay.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 89

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School Buses

It is against the law for any driver to

pass a school bus when the school bus

displays a stop signal.

On a two-way street or highway, all

drivers moving in either direction must

stop for a stopped school bus that is

picking up or dropping of children. You

must remain stopped until the stop

signal is withdrawn and all children are

clear of the roadway.

If the highway is divided by a raised

barrier or an unpaved median at least

five feet wide, you do not have to stop if

you are moving in the opposite direction

of the bus. Painted lines or pavement

markings are not considered barriers.

You must always stop if you are moving

in the same direction as the bus and you

must remain stopped until the stop

signal is withdrawn.

School Crossings

School zones and crossings provide

students with a safe zone when they

cross the road to and from school.

School signs advise drivers of school

zones and school crossings.

Crossing guards are the first to enter and

last to exit a crosswalk to indicate that

pedestrians, especially children, are

about to cross or are crossing. When

children or school crossing guards are

present in a crosswalk, you must yield

and stop at the stop line and not in the

crosswalk.

Slow Moving Vehicles

Farm vehicles designed for operation at

speeds less than 25 MPH must display

this sign on the rear when using public

highways (not limited access/inter-

states). Also, these vehicles must only be

operated during daylight hours unless

equipped with the proper lights/reflec-

tors required for night driving.

Two Lane AND Multi-Lane Paved Across

Vehicles traveling in both directions MUST stop.

Divided Highway

Unpaved space 5 ft+/raised median/physical barrier

Vehicles behind the bus MUST stop.

Vehicles traveling in the opposite

direction must proceed with caution.

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 91

STUDY GUIDE FOR KNOWLEDGE EXAM

Answers are available at: flhsmv.gov/handbooks-manuals.

1. In your vehicle, what should you adjust before you start your engine?

2. What are the equipment requirements for windshields and side windows?

3. What are bumper height requirements? Are they the same for every vehicle?

4. What must you do if hauling a load of material which could fall or blow

onto the roadway?

5. When a projected load extends more than 4 feet from the vehicle, what

must you use to clearly mark it in the daytime? At night?

6. Why is drowsy driving dangerous?

7. What should you do if another driver is threatening you or intentionally

driving dangerously around you?

8. What are the three main categories of distracted driving?

9. Why is texting one of the most dangerous distracted driving behaviors?

10. Can anyone drink and drive safely?

11. Both your judgment and vision are aected aer drinking alcohol. Which

is aected first?

12. What can happen to you if you are in a crash and not wearing a safety belt?

13. What age are children required to be in a rear-facing car seat? In a forward-

facing car seat or booster seat?

14. If a law enforcement oicer stops a vehicle and the front seat passenger

under 18 years old is not wearing a safety belt, who will be charged with

the safety belt violation?

15. What does a single broken white line on the highway mean?

16. What does a double solid yellow line in the center of the highway mean?

A double solid white line?

17. What does a solid yellow line to the right of the center line of the road mean?

18. What do the colors of traic signs indicate (red, orange, yellow, etc.)?

19. More than one vehicle approaches an all way stop sign, who moves first?

20. What does a red traic light mean? What if it's a flashing red light mean?

21. Aer a full stop at a red traic light when may a driver turn right?

22. What does a green arrow showing at the same time as a red traic light

mean you can do?

��

23. What does a flashing yellow light mean?

24. If you are approaching a railroad crossing that does not have gates or

lights and you see a train coming, what should you do?

25. What happens to the force of impact when you double your speed?

Triple your speed?

26. Unless otherwise posted, what is the speed limit in a residential area?

27. What is the maximum speed limit on a limited access highway?

28. Can you be issued a citation for driving too slowly?

29. What are the steps for making a smooth stop?

30. What is the arm signal for a le turn? Right turn? Slow or stop?

31. How long (distance) should you signal before making a le or right turn?

32. When can you use a three-point turn? Where should you never make a

three-point turn?

33. What is an open intersection? When must you yield right-of-way?

34. When may you drive in the le lane of a two lane road? With four lanes?

35. What does it mean if you see red reflectors on the lane lines facing you?

What should you do?

36. What is the recommended safe following distance? When should you

increase your following distance?

37. What are blind spots?

38. How do you check your blind spots before you change lanes or turn?

39. Where is it unlawful to overtake and pass?

40. Under what circumstances can you stop in the acceleration lane on an

expressway?

41. What should you do if you drive past your exit on a limited access highway?

42. Where should you move your vehicle if you break down on the highway?

43. What is the farthest away you can park from a curb?

44. If you have a manual transmission, what gear should you put the car in when

parking downhill? Uphill? What if you have an automatic transmission?

45. Where is parking prohibited?

46. Which way should you turn your wheels when parking uphill along a curb?

What about uphill without a curb?

47. Which way should you turn your wheels if parking downhill?

48. Are motorists required to stop or yield for pedestrians crossing the street?

The Oicial Florida Driver License Handbook—rev. 08/2023 93

.........................................................................

sTuDY guiDe for KnoWLeDge eXam

49. What do you do if you see a pedestrian with a white cane in the street ahead

of you?

50. What is the minimum distance a motorist must give when traveling next to a

cyclist?

51. As a motorist, what should you do when preparing to turn right on a

roadway with a bike lane?

52. When on the roadway, do motorcyclists and moped riders have the same

rights and responsibilities as motor vehicle drivers?

53. As a motorist, are you allowed to share a lane with a motorcyclist?

54. When a school bus is stopped to unload children on a highway divided

with a raised barrier, are vehicles traveling in the opposite direction

required to stop?

55. When a school bus stops to unload children, are vehicles traveling in the

same direction required to stop?

56. What must you do when children or school crossing guards are present

in a crosswalk?

57. What must you do if an emergency vehicle with activated lights and/or

sirens is approaching you from behind?

58. What does the Move Over Law require you to do?

59. What is a “No Zone”?

60. At what times must you use your headlights?

61. At night, within how many feet of approaching a vehicle from the rear

must you dim your high beam headlights?

62. Within how many feet of an oncoming vehicle should you dim your high

beam headlights?

63. When driving in the rain, fog or smoke in the daytime, what lights should

you use?

64. What should you do when driving on wet roads in the rain? Why?

65. What should you do if your right wheels go o the pavement while driving?

66. What should you do if your tires begin to skid while driving?

67. When emergency braking, what is the dierence between conventional

brakes and anti-lock brakes (ABS)?

68. What should you do during a tire blow-out?

69. What must you do if you are involved in a minor accident and your vehicle

is blocking the flow of traic?

70. If you hit a parked car and cannot find the owner, what should you do?

��

71. What are the penalties for leaving the scene of a crash involving injury or

death?

72. What are the requirements of the No-Fault Law?

73. If your license and registration are suspended for being in violation of the

No-Fault Law, what must you do to get them reinstated?

74. What are the penalties if you are at fault in a crash and you are not insured

in compliance with the Financial Responsibility Law?

75. What are the time restrictions for a motorist with a learner’s license?

76. What are the time restrictions for a licensed motorist under age 17? Under

age 18?

77. When can you be charged with driving under the influence (DUI)?

78. What are the penalties for refusing to take a blood test, a urine test, or a

breath test when suspected of driving under the influence?

79. What can happen if you are found guilty of racing on the highway?

80. If you have a learner’s license, how many hours of driving experience are

required to earn the Class E driver license?

81. What education course are you required to take if you are applying for a

learner’s license (or have never held a driver license)?

82. Are you required to notify FLHSMV of any health problems that may aect

your driving?

83. Why would one opt to take a Basic Driver Improvement Course?

84. What maneuvers are required on a driving exam?

Check out all you can do at mydmvportal.flhsmv.gov

Renew or replace your driver license or

identification card

Find locations and contact information

for motor vehicle service centers and

Tax Collector oices

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registration

Check personalized plate availability

Register emergency contact info Find third-party exam providers

Change your address on your driver

license

Download driver license handbooks

Order your driving record Order a crash report

Check the status of your driver license Order a paper title

Clear insurance related sanctions on

your license

View and/or print documents from

MyDMVPortal

Reinstate your driver license View live road conditions report from

FHP

Check your driving school eligibility Monitor the driving history of your

teen

View your sanction history Access safety information

Create your own account now at MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov to access all our online services!

The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles offers a variety of services ranging

from address changes to renewals at: MyDMVPortal.flhsmv.gov. To complete vehicle and vessel

registration renewals, customers may also download the FLHSMV MyFlorida mobile app. The

MyFlorida app allows customers to securely renew a registration on an eligible vehicle or vessel

and receive proof of transaction to use until the registration arrives in the mail. The MyFlorida app

is available to download for free now via iTunes and Google Play.